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do

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[Music]

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hello and welcome to the show i'm martin

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willis your host and this is the

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everything else show where i do a show

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about everything else that things that

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actually i have an interest in and the

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show is done with

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uh random topics at random time the

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easiest way to get a notification is to

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go here on our youtube site click

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subscribe then click the little

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i will be sending out

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these shows if you want to go on my

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website which is podcastufo.com

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you'll see a little newsletter thing on

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the sidebar there

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so i was lucky enough to meet our guest

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a few years ago in phoenix paul heineck

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the son of the great j allen heineck

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project blue book fame

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and

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paul's personal lifespan

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has been increased recently by 10 years

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and that was after he participated in a

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groundbreaking

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trim

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trial

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and

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i also a subsequent program after that

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now the trim trial was first was the

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first ever approved by the fda

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and

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it wasn't to combat disease but rather

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to combat aging as a whole

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and this was the first time in history

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anyone has tested

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by steve horvath's epigenic clock test

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and actually tested younger

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than they previously previously had and

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this was published in september 2019 the

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aging cell magazine and

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um i believe our guest

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he just told me he was on a

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uh

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a tv show right

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with william shatner what was that when

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were you on that when was that episode

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high ball

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uh hi martin nice to be with you again

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yeah um yeah so our

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our trim procedure was featured in an

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episode of the unexplained with william

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shatner last december

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wow i bet you you got a lot of

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i mean that must have sparked a lot of

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interest someone did tell me about that

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and i said no it can't be the same but

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who there's not too many paul heineck's

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out there i don't think thankfully

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yeah yeah so paul up there's the cat

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already there we go there we go

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so much for a long life it just crossed

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your path right but it was 13th so i

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have that sort of anti you know

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superstition thing i see i see you had

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to so let's let's hear um

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this is great this is great uh so let's

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hear

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what

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how you decided to try this how you

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heard about the trial first of all and

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um you know i have to tell you there is

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a

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i'm trying to remember the

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i i want to say his name was like

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seeing an indian

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uh from india

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over 100 years old running the marathon

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and what was really interesting about

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that when they were asking

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him you know what he does to keep going

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and live as long as he has i believe he

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was born in 1911 he's still alive

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and that was calorie restriction and

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this is this is all part of of

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your regimen and what you're doing and

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and also if i can just a little bit more

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about that

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which i think is very interesting they

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have

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when they calorie restrict mice in a lab

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they lived they live about 30 percent

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longer but

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they're miserable basically for life

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but when they do

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when they're intermittent

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then they calorie restrict

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intermittently

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yeah mice have a better life and they

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still live 30 percent longer so there

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yeah is something to that

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right and you know from my knowledge

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there's not a lot of

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research

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that calorie restriction works for

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mammals really good evidence for mice

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but i think there's more evidence that

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the de facto

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calorie restriction

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created by intermittent fasting if

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you're not gorging in the hours that you

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do eat to make up for it is actually

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more

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mammals so i'm not sure if the calorie

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restriction goes up to the larger

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creatures or not

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i oh really

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yeah it seems like it's more a question

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of

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when you eat as to how much um and as

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you may know with with the trim trial

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calorie restriction is really not part

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of that um so we're encouraged to keep

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our lifestyle the same and not make

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sweeping changes to diet but i've been

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an intermittent faster for some years

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now

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yeah i've done that a lot of people have

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noticed that i've dropped a lot of

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weight and um i have i've over 40 pounds

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in about a year and i i've been doing

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the 20 thank you the 23 hour

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fast and i took two weeks to get used to

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it and then i don't i don't always stick

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to it but that's really what i've done

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and i feel more cognitive i feel better

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overall

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um and it feels great to actually

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shed that but also

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um you know i feel like

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i feel like i look younger when i look

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in the mirror i don't know if that's has

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anything to do with it maybe it's my

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imagination but still

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but i think it's it's a you said that

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you've been doing that but i also heard

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that stressing

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um yourself in other words a little hot

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sometimes a little cold

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you keep you keep yourself uh active and

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these things will help you as well what

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do you know about any of that stuff

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yeah so i i'm a follower of rhonda

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patrick who is a brilliant woman who's

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got a lot of videos online who talks

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about the benefits of saunas and other

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things that can generate the heat shock

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protein

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as well as vim hoff who's the ice man on

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the other end of the spectrum so

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i have a super janky home

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chinese sauna and i'll do that and then

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go in the cold shower um and

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i i it's you know with so many of these

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health things it's hard to attribute

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immediate causation to what you're doing

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but the sauna you know intermittent

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fasting just sort of seems to resonate

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with me

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and uh the sauna and the cold shower

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they just

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not only well the sauna feels good the

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cold shower doesn't always feel good but

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it really is bracing and you know

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there's nobody in the history of the

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world that's fallen asleep in a cold

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shower i mean it really gives you energy

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and there's pretty good evidence that

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both the creation of the heat shock

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proteins

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and that cold

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like you said putting that kind of

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stress on the immune system

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in a way similar to fasting tend to

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reboot the

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immune system

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right now as far as you know some of the

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things i've looked at

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um over the years when i've just been

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fascinated by this topic is uh telomeres

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and how they become you know they copy

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it themselves and they become shorter

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and shorter

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and that's one of the things

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that um you know

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is recognized as aging and i know

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there's something out there like telum

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eraser something that can slow down

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this um

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and do you know anything about that i

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know you're mostly in this trim

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uh trial situation but other have you

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looked at all facets

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yeah i'm interested in all aspects

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you know

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um my good friend aubrey de gray who's

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really well known in life extension

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circles and bill andrews who's also

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known have differing views on whether

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you want to encourage or inhibit

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telomerase and you know for those

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listening who aren't intimately familiar

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with telomeres it's basically the

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the number of times cells can divide in

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your body

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and that's kind of a hard stop in some

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animals some aquatic animals it's they

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just keep going and they don't stop so

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one of the keys to radical life

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extension

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is understanding how to increase the

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number of telomeres i don't think

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there's any clear-cut consensus

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really on telomerase which is the active

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component and what whether you need to

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inhibit or increase it now we may get a

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whole bunch of comments that of course

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that's been settled paul what are you

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talking about i don't know but i've not

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seen

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anything related to telomeres

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nearly as

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clear-cut as what we're doing with the

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thymus which is arguably the first and

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most important component of a

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overall life extension program

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all right well let's go into what

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the

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thymus is and this is uh

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i've put up some graph graphics because

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i realize that as you age be when you

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get between the ages of 60 and 80 it

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kind of

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one of the reasons that we die

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yeah and your thymus as you as you soda

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i don't know how you got my actual

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thymus there from my doctor but it's

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located behind your breast plate right

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yeah and it's what creates the t cells

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which are thymus enabled cells which are

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your white blood cells which is your

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immune system in action and your thymus

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it we it says involution there which

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means shrinking your thymus actually

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starts involuting to the tune of three

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percent per year as early as age 20.

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so

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because evolutionary

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wise you know at that point you're

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already you've already had children and

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all that and you should get on the outer

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reaches of the bonfire and you know

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leave the rest for the youngins so

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the purpose of

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this

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original trim trial

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as conceived by greg fay

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is to actually

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regrow the thymus gland

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and make it functional once again

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and and that is possible you're saying

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yes and so

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i learned about this i was already

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attuned to life extension i just always

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felt

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since i was a kid

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that things like computers becoming

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aware the singularity and radical life

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extension would be possible

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uh in the not too distant future

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call it

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naive optimism perhaps but i just seemed

286
00:11:19,829 --> 00:11:17,440
like that just felt like it could be

287
00:11:22,389 --> 00:11:19,839
possible so i was already predisposed to

288
00:11:23,910 --> 00:11:22,399
this then i came across aubry de gray

289
00:11:25,430 --> 00:11:23,920
and got very involved with him and his

290
00:11:28,310 --> 00:11:25,440
work where

291
00:11:30,710 --> 00:11:28,320
he looks at it in a very interesting way

292
00:11:33,110 --> 00:11:30,720
that if you try to change basic

293
00:11:34,470 --> 00:11:33,120
metabolic processes that's very

294
00:11:37,509 --> 00:11:34,480
difficult to do

295
00:11:39,430 --> 00:11:37,519
on the other hand if you wait until all

296
00:11:41,350 --> 00:11:39,440
these things happen your body

297
00:11:43,509 --> 00:11:41,360
now you're just doing palliative care

298
00:11:45,750 --> 00:11:43,519
you're giving advil you're doing things

299
00:11:48,630 --> 00:11:45,760
to reduce pain but you're not really

300
00:11:51,750 --> 00:11:48,640
functionally increasing lifespan so if

301
00:11:53,509 --> 00:11:51,760
you liken the body to a car let's say

302
00:11:55,910 --> 00:11:53,519
now if you buy a car

303
00:11:57,829 --> 00:11:55,920
you can maintain it for virtually

304
00:12:00,230 --> 00:11:57,839
forever just replacing all the parts if

305
00:12:02,470 --> 00:12:00,240
you take good care of it so what aubry

306
00:12:05,350 --> 00:12:02,480
did was break down

307
00:12:08,310 --> 00:12:05,360
the basic areas of aging into seven

308
00:12:09,269 --> 00:12:08,320
areas and two of them are

309
00:12:12,550 --> 00:12:09,279
junk

310
00:12:14,870 --> 00:12:12,560
uh accruing or collecting in your cells

311
00:12:18,389 --> 00:12:14,880
and also outside the cells in the

312
00:12:19,509 --> 00:12:18,399
extracellular matrix so his idea is that

313
00:12:22,150 --> 00:12:19,519
well look

314
00:12:23,750 --> 00:12:22,160
stopping that junk from originating is

315
00:12:25,590 --> 00:12:23,760
too difficult

316
00:12:26,710 --> 00:12:25,600
waiting until it's reached a critical

317
00:12:29,590 --> 00:12:26,720
mass

318
00:12:31,110 --> 00:12:29,600
and causes pathology is too late what if

319
00:12:33,829 --> 00:12:31,120
we can essentially go in there

320
00:12:35,190 --> 00:12:33,839
periodically and scoop it out before it

321
00:12:37,750 --> 00:12:35,200
causes damage

322
00:12:40,150 --> 00:12:37,760
that should be have a lot of bang for

323
00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:40,160
the buck can be a lot easier so i really

324
00:12:48,949 --> 00:12:48,069
it's now called sends.org s-e-n-s dot

325
00:12:50,949 --> 00:12:48,959
org

326
00:12:53,190 --> 00:12:50,959
and then so then i was already kind of

327
00:12:54,550 --> 00:12:53,200
primed and when i was speaking at a

328
00:12:59,350 --> 00:12:54,560
conference

329
00:13:02,230 --> 00:12:59,360
about five years ago greg fay was

330
00:13:05,190 --> 00:13:02,240
another speaker and he was announcing

331
00:13:07,910 --> 00:13:05,200
this trial to regrow the thymus

332
00:13:10,310 --> 00:13:07,920
and he said you know he had a very greg

333
00:13:13,350 --> 00:13:10,320
is a brilliant guy and also very soft

334
00:13:15,829 --> 00:13:13,360
spoken but he had a very strong research

335
00:13:18,710 --> 00:13:15,839
foundation of other efforts that have

336
00:13:21,670 --> 00:13:18,720
come close to what he wanted to do

337
00:13:24,069 --> 00:13:21,680
in mice and in humans and as you

338
00:13:26,710 --> 00:13:24,079
mentioned in the opener it's the first

339
00:13:29,190 --> 00:13:26,720
trial ever approved by the fda to combat

340
00:13:31,750 --> 00:13:29,200
aging as a whole and not this or that

341
00:13:33,670 --> 00:13:31,760
disease and also approved by the irb the

342
00:13:35,750 --> 00:13:33,680
institutional review board

343
00:13:38,790 --> 00:13:35,760
and it was run under the aegis of the

344
00:13:40,870 --> 00:13:38,800
stanford neuroscience institute so he

345
00:13:42,790 --> 00:13:40,880
announced the sort of parameters the age

346
00:13:44,870 --> 00:13:42,800
range and that you had to be in very

347
00:13:46,629 --> 00:13:44,880
good health and that you'd be tested and

348
00:13:48,949 --> 00:13:46,639
then you could join it for free

349
00:13:51,030 --> 00:13:48,959
and i thought this is just amazing and i

350
00:13:53,430 --> 00:13:51,040
i went up to stage after greg's

351
00:13:55,750 --> 00:13:53,440
presentation and said dr fay i was blown

352
00:13:58,230 --> 00:13:55,760
away by your presentation and do all the

353
00:14:04,150 --> 00:13:58,240
testing you want on me but i guarantee

354
00:14:09,829 --> 00:14:06,710
how about that wow so

355
00:14:10,790 --> 00:14:09,839
can you explain exactly what the thymus

356
00:14:13,030 --> 00:14:10,800
does

357
00:14:16,550 --> 00:14:13,040
and why it's so critical that we have to

358
00:14:19,189 --> 00:14:16,560
has to be rejuvenated for longevity yeah

359
00:14:21,590 --> 00:14:19,199
it's basically the think of like the the

360
00:14:23,750 --> 00:14:21,600
heart is the engine of your of your

361
00:14:25,509 --> 00:14:23,760
blood and your circulatory system

362
00:14:26,870 --> 00:14:25,519
the thymus is the equivalent for your

363
00:14:28,870 --> 00:14:26,880
immune system

364
00:14:31,350 --> 00:14:28,880
it it actually i know i'm kind of

365
00:14:33,430 --> 00:14:31,360
glossing over a lot of details here i'm

366
00:14:35,030 --> 00:14:33,440
a french major so bear with me

367
00:14:37,509 --> 00:14:35,040
but the thymus

368
00:14:38,389 --> 00:14:37,519
basically grabs regular cells from the

369
00:14:42,550 --> 00:14:38,399
body

370
00:14:44,550 --> 00:14:42,560
and i say zombifies them into t cells

371
00:14:47,189 --> 00:14:44,560
and these are the cells that will attack

372
00:14:49,829 --> 00:14:47,199
pathogens in your body and it creates at

373
00:14:50,790 --> 00:14:49,839
least two kinds of t cells let's say

374
00:14:54,230 --> 00:14:50,800
normal

375
00:14:57,430 --> 00:14:54,240
and naive t cells which are especially

376
00:14:59,030 --> 00:14:57,440
effective at fighting unknown pathogens

377
00:15:01,670 --> 00:14:59,040
you know diseases that you've not

378
00:15:03,350 --> 00:15:01,680
already encountered and as you get older

379
00:15:06,069 --> 00:15:03,360
and as you mentioned the thymus turns

380
00:15:07,430 --> 00:15:06,079
more both shrinks and turns more to

381
00:15:10,230 --> 00:15:07,440
fatty tissue

382
00:15:13,350 --> 00:15:10,240
and produces both less t cells but

383
00:15:15,910 --> 00:15:13,360
especially less naive t cells so as you

384
00:15:20,310 --> 00:15:15,920
get older in your 50s and 60s and 70s

385
00:15:23,030 --> 00:15:20,320
your body is really less able to handle

386
00:15:24,230 --> 00:15:23,040
especially larger threats like cancer

387
00:15:25,269 --> 00:15:24,240
for example

388
00:15:27,189 --> 00:15:25,279
so

389
00:15:29,189 --> 00:15:27,199
the thymus really is your immune system

390
00:15:31,590 --> 00:15:29,199
and there's been a lot of research both

391
00:15:33,430 --> 00:15:31,600
done by humans and ai

392
00:15:35,509 --> 00:15:33,440
that have sort of come to the conclusion

393
00:15:38,310 --> 00:15:35,519
that all the things you need to do

394
00:15:40,790 --> 00:15:38,320
telomeres like you mentioned stem cells

395
00:15:42,870 --> 00:15:40,800
uh immune system that the immune system

396
00:15:45,350 --> 00:15:42,880
is really job number one because you can

397
00:15:47,509 --> 00:15:45,360
have as many telomeres as you want if

398
00:15:50,150 --> 00:15:47,519
you don't have an immune system that can

399
00:15:52,790 --> 00:15:50,160
fend off the flu you're going to die so

400
00:15:53,590 --> 00:15:52,800
the immune system is really the first

401
00:15:56,150 --> 00:15:53,600
and

402
00:15:57,670 --> 00:15:56,160
now perhaps not most difficult because

403
00:16:00,230 --> 00:15:57,680
we've had some really good success with

404
00:16:03,030 --> 00:16:00,240
it step along the journey

405
00:16:04,710 --> 00:16:03,040
to functional immortality

406
00:16:07,269 --> 00:16:04,720
wow if

407
00:16:08,710 --> 00:16:07,279
oh look who's in we have someone joining

408
00:16:11,350 --> 00:16:08,720
us

409
00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:11,360
how about that greg welcome to hi

410
00:16:17,509 --> 00:16:14,959
hello look this is uh dr greg fahey

411
00:16:20,310 --> 00:16:17,519
thank you very much for uh joining us so

412
00:16:22,389 --> 00:16:20,320
a pleasure yeah we we didn't know if you

413
00:16:24,470 --> 00:16:22,399
get the message or not but here you are

414
00:16:27,829 --> 00:16:24,480
i appreciate it so we're we're moving

415
00:16:29,350 --> 00:16:27,839
along here uh paul has been describing i

416
00:16:32,230 --> 00:16:29,360
know you're you're on us phone but

417
00:16:33,509 --> 00:16:32,240
you're you're getting stabilized there

418
00:16:35,350 --> 00:16:33,519
yeah

419
00:16:37,350 --> 00:16:35,360
oh we lost your audio

420
00:16:39,509 --> 00:16:37,360
put you on speaker if possible so i can

421
00:16:40,949 --> 00:16:39,519
hear you better yeah but if not we can

422
00:16:42,389 --> 00:16:40,959
manage this way

423
00:16:43,269 --> 00:16:42,399
yeah why don't we do it this way we have

424
00:16:48,310 --> 00:16:43,279
you

425
00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:48,320
joining us i know it was the last

426
00:16:53,670 --> 00:16:50,880
actually it was after the show started

427
00:16:54,870 --> 00:16:53,680
that you got the notification but so you

428
00:16:59,189 --> 00:16:54,880
were

429
00:17:01,829 --> 00:16:59,199
study and pushing it and all that and

430
00:17:03,509 --> 00:17:01,839
paul just told the story about you being

431
00:17:05,909 --> 00:17:03,519
up on the stage and him coming up and

432
00:17:07,510 --> 00:17:05,919
saying okay i'm in the study that's one

433
00:17:09,429 --> 00:17:07,520
thing i know for sure

434
00:17:10,630 --> 00:17:09,439
but yeah that was great it was a great

435
00:17:13,429 --> 00:17:10,640
experience

436
00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:13,439
yeah so are you excited about the way

437
00:17:17,669 --> 00:17:15,520
things are looking

438
00:17:20,309 --> 00:17:17,679
yeah i mean i'm i'm never satisfied

439
00:17:22,309 --> 00:17:20,319
about anything but yes i am excited

440
00:17:24,549 --> 00:17:22,319
we're reproducing a lot of the results

441
00:17:26,230 --> 00:17:24,559
that we saw in the original trial

442
00:17:28,870 --> 00:17:26,240
we're trying to go beyond the original

443
00:17:31,110 --> 00:17:28,880
trial add some extra bells and whistles

444
00:17:33,110 --> 00:17:31,120
and uh not even paul knows this but

445
00:17:34,390 --> 00:17:33,120
we're looking at some new diagnostics

446
00:17:35,990 --> 00:17:34,400
coming up

447
00:17:39,909 --> 00:17:36,000
that may allow us to actually look

448
00:17:41,110 --> 00:17:39,919
inside your body and see how old you are

449
00:17:42,950 --> 00:17:41,120
uh

450
00:17:44,549 --> 00:17:42,960
nobody else has thought of this before

451
00:17:46,310 --> 00:17:44,559
so we're

452
00:17:47,750 --> 00:17:46,320
we're really uh hoping that we can

453
00:17:48,789 --> 00:17:47,760
launch this pretty soon but we'll be the

454
00:17:52,310 --> 00:17:48,799
first

455
00:17:55,270 --> 00:17:52,320
wow now i heard dr sinclair on from

456
00:17:57,990 --> 00:17:55,280
harvard on an interview and he said that

457
00:18:00,789 --> 00:17:58,000
he could do a blood test until

458
00:18:03,590 --> 00:18:00,799
um through some type of algorithms about

459
00:18:04,950 --> 00:18:03,600
when you're going to die and i that's

460
00:18:07,590 --> 00:18:04,960
something i really

461
00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:07,600
don't want to know

462
00:18:11,990 --> 00:18:09,919
unless there was a way around it but is

463
00:18:14,710 --> 00:18:12,000
uh does that make sense or is that is

464
00:18:16,070 --> 00:18:14,720
that something that makes sense to you

465
00:18:18,150 --> 00:18:16,080
well yeah so

466
00:18:20,230 --> 00:18:18,160
one of the main measures that we used in

467
00:18:22,470 --> 00:18:20,240
our study which we

468
00:18:24,789 --> 00:18:22,480
tried on paul and paul did well on this

469
00:18:26,870 --> 00:18:24,799
essay is the grim age clock

470
00:18:29,270 --> 00:18:26,880
so the grim age is called gremades

471
00:18:31,110 --> 00:18:29,280
because it's named after the grim reaper

472
00:18:32,789 --> 00:18:31,120
and the reason for that is it was

473
00:18:34,230 --> 00:18:32,799
designed to try to predict how long

474
00:18:36,390 --> 00:18:34,240
you're going to live

475
00:18:38,630 --> 00:18:36,400
and it's not a one-to-one relationship

476
00:18:40,310 --> 00:18:38,640
if your grim age goes down by year

477
00:18:42,630 --> 00:18:40,320
doesn't mean that you're going to live

478
00:18:44,950 --> 00:18:42,640
one year longer precisely but your

479
00:18:47,990 --> 00:18:44,960
mortality rate will go down so your

480
00:18:50,310 --> 00:18:48,000
chances of living longer increase

481
00:18:52,310 --> 00:18:50,320
so if you really work at that sort of a

482
00:18:53,669 --> 00:18:52,320
clock yeah you'd be better and better

483
00:18:54,789 --> 00:18:53,679
able to predict how long you're going to

484
00:18:57,029 --> 00:18:54,799
live

485
00:18:59,029 --> 00:18:57,039
and i think one thing about that is that

486
00:19:01,510 --> 00:18:59,039
we tend to die

487
00:19:03,190 --> 00:19:01,520
not of anything uh

488
00:19:06,390 --> 00:19:03,200
general we tend to die of things that

489
00:19:08,950 --> 00:19:06,400
are very specific like a heart attack or

490
00:19:09,830 --> 00:19:08,960
uh that sort of thing cancer

491
00:19:11,909 --> 00:19:09,840
and

492
00:19:13,430 --> 00:19:11,919
those may be easier to predict than

493
00:19:17,029 --> 00:19:13,440
aging per se

494
00:19:19,350 --> 00:19:17,039
so if uh if you took into account heart

495
00:19:21,590 --> 00:19:19,360
disease and cancer you'd account for

496
00:19:23,750 --> 00:19:21,600
about 70 percent of the all of the

497
00:19:25,909 --> 00:19:23,760
deaths the other 30 are due to

498
00:19:27,510 --> 00:19:25,919
immunosenescence in my opinion as a

499
00:19:29,029 --> 00:19:27,520
matter of fact a lot of heart disease is

500
00:19:30,630 --> 00:19:29,039
probably due to immunosine essence but

501
00:19:32,470 --> 00:19:30,640
we'll get into that later

502
00:19:33,909 --> 00:19:32,480
uh so yeah you could probably come up

503
00:19:35,669 --> 00:19:33,919
with a clock that would predict more or

504
00:19:38,390 --> 00:19:35,679
less how long you're gonna live

505
00:19:41,110 --> 00:19:38,400
so i think what dr sinclair said is

506
00:19:43,350 --> 00:19:41,120
scientifically possible i may not

507
00:19:45,350 --> 00:19:43,360
exactly know which clock is referring to

508
00:19:47,190 --> 00:19:45,360
but it is possible he could have just

509
00:19:49,510 --> 00:19:47,200
been referring to the grim age clock

510
00:19:52,310 --> 00:19:49,520
which is the same one that we used

511
00:19:54,470 --> 00:19:52,320
and martin uh greg is too modest to say

512
00:19:56,870 --> 00:19:54,480
but he knows david sinclair quite well

513
00:19:59,990 --> 00:19:56,880
and spent time with him and uh david

514
00:20:02,470 --> 00:20:00,000
sinclair has talked about our trim trial

515
00:20:05,270 --> 00:20:02,480
in very glowing terms on air

516
00:20:06,630 --> 00:20:05,280
oh oh wow wow great well several times

517
00:20:08,549 --> 00:20:06,640
actually

518
00:20:11,909 --> 00:20:08,559
one of the things i want to do before we

519
00:20:13,750 --> 00:20:11,919
move too far into this is i'm sure it's

520
00:20:15,750 --> 00:20:13,760
the average person listening watching or

521
00:20:18,070 --> 00:20:15,760
whatever they're thinking to themselves

522
00:20:21,190 --> 00:20:18,080
well this is all great but what can i do

523
00:20:23,029 --> 00:20:21,200
what can i do to to to live longer is

524
00:20:26,230 --> 00:20:23,039
there any i don't know which one of you

525
00:20:27,830 --> 00:20:26,240
wants to tackle that um but

526
00:20:29,350 --> 00:20:27,840
i'm sure that's a question that comes to

527
00:20:32,549 --> 00:20:29,360
most people's minds i just need to have

528
00:20:38,390 --> 00:20:32,559
a little drink here first

529
00:20:42,230 --> 00:20:39,830
you got to bring that into the camera a

530
00:20:45,190 --> 00:20:42,240
little bit better oh yeah right

531
00:20:46,230 --> 00:20:45,200
okay and uh can can you get that on ebay

532
00:20:50,789 --> 00:20:46,240
or something

533
00:20:55,110 --> 00:20:52,149
that doesn't surprise me that you went

534
00:20:57,510 --> 00:20:55,120
through all that trouble to do that paul

535
00:20:59,350 --> 00:20:57,520
anything for you martin yeah yeah so

536
00:21:00,710 --> 00:20:59,360
anyway yeah what can the average person

537
00:21:01,830 --> 00:21:00,720
do

538
00:21:03,590 --> 00:21:01,840
well there's a lot of things that you

539
00:21:04,549 --> 00:21:03,600
can do all of the obvious things of

540
00:21:07,909 --> 00:21:04,559
course

541
00:21:08,950 --> 00:21:07,919
uh try to exercise regularly don't smoke

542
00:21:11,990 --> 00:21:08,960
uh

543
00:21:14,070 --> 00:21:12,000
don't overeat don't drink too much

544
00:21:15,669 --> 00:21:14,080
don't you know so all of the the normal

545
00:21:17,029 --> 00:21:15,679
things but then beyond that there's some

546
00:21:19,029 --> 00:21:17,039
really interesting

547
00:21:20,549 --> 00:21:19,039
possible interventions that are

548
00:21:23,909 --> 00:21:20,559
accessible right now

549
00:21:25,430 --> 00:21:23,919
one of them is to boost your nad level

550
00:21:27,190 --> 00:21:25,440
so there are

551
00:21:32,310 --> 00:21:27,200
molecules you can take that can be

552
00:21:34,710 --> 00:21:32,320
converted into nad in the body and uh

553
00:21:37,430 --> 00:21:34,720
we're not quite sure how effective they

554
00:21:39,270 --> 00:21:37,440
are at raising your tissue stores of nad

555
00:21:42,070 --> 00:21:39,280
but uh they're gonna be better than

556
00:21:44,390 --> 00:21:42,080
nothing uh there's also a product that

557
00:21:47,590 --> 00:21:44,400
some people have claimed uh is

558
00:21:51,270 --> 00:21:47,600
particularly good at that based on

559
00:21:54,149 --> 00:21:51,280
raising nad levels in blood cells um

560
00:21:58,789 --> 00:21:56,470
there are things also on the

561
00:22:01,190 --> 00:21:58,799
drawing board that are

562
00:22:03,350 --> 00:22:01,200
more difficult to do but still

563
00:22:05,110 --> 00:22:03,360
potentially possible if you get into a

564
00:22:07,270 --> 00:22:05,120
clinical trial

565
00:22:09,270 --> 00:22:07,280
of course one of the trials is our own

566
00:22:10,870 --> 00:22:09,280
trial which is still ongoing so if you

567
00:22:12,470 --> 00:22:10,880
were to enroll in trimx you might get

568
00:22:13,590 --> 00:22:12,480
the same benefits that paul got or

569
00:22:16,149 --> 00:22:13,600
something

570
00:22:17,990 --> 00:22:16,159
at least analogous to those

571
00:22:20,390 --> 00:22:18,000
there's another trial going on in the

572
00:22:22,230 --> 00:22:20,400
bay area in which they take half of your

573
00:22:23,350 --> 00:22:22,240
plasma out and replace it with salt

574
00:22:25,190 --> 00:22:23,360
solution

575
00:22:26,710 --> 00:22:25,200
and if you happen to be a rat that that

576
00:22:28,870 --> 00:22:26,720
may work a little bit in terms of

577
00:22:30,710 --> 00:22:28,880
rejuvenating you we're actually going to

578
00:22:33,750 --> 00:22:30,720
be looking at combining that with our

579
00:22:35,830 --> 00:22:33,760
treatment in the near future

580
00:22:38,149 --> 00:22:35,840
there are other things that are

581
00:22:39,350 --> 00:22:38,159
you know kind of interesting these days

582
00:22:41,110 --> 00:22:39,360
but

583
00:22:44,390 --> 00:22:41,120
we're not quite sure what their effect

584
00:22:47,110 --> 00:22:44,400
is on aging per se especially in humans

585
00:22:49,669 --> 00:22:47,120
but alpha ketoglutarate uh has led to

586
00:22:52,310 --> 00:22:49,679
pretty interesting results in animals

587
00:22:54,390 --> 00:22:52,320
uh and uh you know there are other

588
00:22:56,390 --> 00:22:54,400
things like spermidine that might be

589
00:22:59,909 --> 00:22:56,400
interesting to to take

590
00:23:01,830 --> 00:22:59,919
um so i i think uh if you look around

591
00:23:02,950 --> 00:23:01,840
you'll find a few a few things that are

592
00:23:10,149 --> 00:23:02,960
out there

593
00:23:14,230 --> 00:23:11,990
okay and then there's the red wine

594
00:23:17,190 --> 00:23:14,240
molecule the nmm

595
00:23:19,110 --> 00:23:17,200
um i know metaphorum is a prescription

596
00:23:20,870 --> 00:23:19,120
drug and a lot of people use that for

597
00:23:22,390 --> 00:23:20,880
diabetes i know someone that's using

598
00:23:24,230 --> 00:23:22,400
that um but

599
00:23:27,669 --> 00:23:24,240
let's can we talk a little bit about how

600
00:23:29,590 --> 00:23:27,679
important blood sugar balances as well

601
00:23:33,190 --> 00:23:29,600
uh martin first let me say you mentioned

602
00:23:35,909 --> 00:23:33,200
resveratrol and metformin and those are

603
00:23:38,549 --> 00:23:35,919
two of the sort of cocktail components

604
00:23:42,310 --> 00:23:38,559
of our trim regimen

605
00:23:44,950 --> 00:23:42,320
and metformin is a very interesting

606
00:23:47,029 --> 00:23:44,960
life extension type drug in its own

607
00:23:50,549 --> 00:23:47,039
right but one of the reasons that we

608
00:23:52,470 --> 00:23:50,559
take that is one of the concerns about

609
00:23:55,269 --> 00:23:52,480
taking human growth hormone which is the

610
00:23:57,110 --> 00:23:55,279
principal ingredient in our cocktail is

611
00:23:58,950 --> 00:23:57,120
that it can cause insulin spikes and

612
00:24:01,830 --> 00:23:58,960
greg jump in if i go too far off the

613
00:24:04,789 --> 00:24:01,840
reservation here and so metformin which

614
00:24:06,950 --> 00:24:04,799
has its own anti-aging properties is

615
00:24:10,549 --> 00:24:06,960
designed to sort of tamp those insulin

616
00:24:14,070 --> 00:24:10,559
spikes um and there's there's also dhea

617
00:24:15,909 --> 00:24:14,080
resveratrol um vitamin d

618
00:24:17,430 --> 00:24:15,919
and i think

619
00:24:20,149 --> 00:24:17,440
yeah

620
00:24:24,549 --> 00:24:20,159
vitamin k

621
00:24:26,950 --> 00:24:24,559
speak and paul's not even aware of that

622
00:24:29,110 --> 00:24:26,960
yet but yeah we're adding that too

623
00:24:33,269 --> 00:24:29,120
so

624
00:24:35,669 --> 00:24:33,279
metformin you mentioned uh in particular

625
00:24:38,630 --> 00:24:35,679
um of course that has received a lot of

626
00:24:41,029 --> 00:24:38,640
play recently because of near barzillai

627
00:24:43,110 --> 00:24:41,039
uh near has been trying to start a trial

628
00:24:46,870 --> 00:24:43,120
called the tame trial

629
00:24:49,430 --> 00:24:46,880
which is intended to force the fda to

630
00:24:51,190 --> 00:24:49,440
admit and approve a drug on the basis of

631
00:24:53,830 --> 00:24:51,200
its slowing aging

632
00:24:55,430 --> 00:24:53,840
so metformin is a pretty mild drug you

633
00:24:57,430 --> 00:24:55,440
can get into trouble if you take too

634
00:24:58,390 --> 00:24:57,440
much of it but if you play your cards

635
00:25:01,029 --> 00:24:58,400
right

636
00:25:03,350 --> 00:25:01,039
it's relatively well tolerated

637
00:25:05,190 --> 00:25:03,360
and in animal models it does all kinds

638
00:25:07,590 --> 00:25:05,200
of things that indicate it may have some

639
00:25:09,510 --> 00:25:07,600
effect on slowing down the rate of aging

640
00:25:11,590 --> 00:25:09,520
i don't think it reverses aging but

641
00:25:13,430 --> 00:25:11,600
slowing it down is pretty good

642
00:25:15,830 --> 00:25:13,440
and since we know that aging leads to

643
00:25:17,590 --> 00:25:15,840
all kinds of pathologies

644
00:25:19,510 --> 00:25:17,600
slowing down aging should be something

645
00:25:21,269 --> 00:25:19,520
that the fda would be interested in if

646
00:25:24,710 --> 00:25:21,279
the fda could be convinced that it was

647
00:25:26,630 --> 00:25:24,720
possible so the tame trial is intended

648
00:25:29,669 --> 00:25:26,640
to show that people are taking i think

649
00:25:32,470 --> 00:25:29,679
1500 milligrams of metformin every day

650
00:25:35,029 --> 00:25:32,480
for about 22 decades or so

651
00:25:36,070 --> 00:25:35,039
will have a slower rate of aging

652
00:25:38,470 --> 00:25:36,080
therefore

653
00:25:41,110 --> 00:25:38,480
less age-related disease

654
00:25:42,630 --> 00:25:41,120
and if they can prove that then they're

655
00:25:44,070 --> 00:25:42,640
going to have to

656
00:25:45,510 --> 00:25:44,080
uh you know

657
00:25:48,310 --> 00:25:45,520
the fda is going to have to deal with

658
00:25:50,950 --> 00:25:48,320
the fact that here's a drug that has

659
00:25:52,710 --> 00:25:50,960
slowed down aging in general and

660
00:25:54,630 --> 00:25:52,720
therefore needs to be approved as an

661
00:25:57,190 --> 00:25:54,640
anti-aging drug so that the actual

662
00:25:59,750 --> 00:25:57,200
purpose of the trial is not so much to

663
00:26:02,149 --> 00:25:59,760
extend people's life spans a long time

664
00:26:03,909 --> 00:26:02,159
but to force the fda to recognize aging

665
00:26:06,230 --> 00:26:03,919
as a treatable condition

666
00:26:08,149 --> 00:26:06,240
if that were to happen then we could get

667
00:26:10,470 --> 00:26:08,159
our own treatment through the fda much

668
00:26:11,830 --> 00:26:10,480
easier because you know we would be able

669
00:26:13,830 --> 00:26:11,840
to show that there's evidence that it

670
00:26:15,430 --> 00:26:13,840
deals with aging through the epigenetic

671
00:26:18,630 --> 00:26:15,440
clocks for example

672
00:26:20,149 --> 00:26:18,640
uh until something like that happens

673
00:26:22,230 --> 00:26:20,159
then we're going to have to get approved

674
00:26:24,630 --> 00:26:22,240
on the basis of the fact that our

675
00:26:26,789 --> 00:26:24,640
treatment in addition to reversing aging

676
00:26:28,630 --> 00:26:26,799
based on these epigenetic clocks

677
00:26:31,350 --> 00:26:28,640
improves kidney function

678
00:26:34,230 --> 00:26:31,360
uh and uh you know uh

679
00:26:35,190 --> 00:26:34,240
has other benefits that you can point to

680
00:26:39,029 --> 00:26:35,200
that

681
00:26:41,590 --> 00:26:39,039
may extend your lifespan and reduce your

682
00:26:43,830 --> 00:26:41,600
your risk of disease for example it

683
00:26:44,789 --> 00:26:43,840
seems to reduce the risk of prostate

684
00:26:47,830 --> 00:26:44,799
cancer

685
00:26:50,070 --> 00:26:47,840
so if we could show that our treatment

686
00:26:51,510 --> 00:26:50,080
prevented prostate cancer or prevented

687
00:26:52,789 --> 00:26:51,520
kidney disease

688
00:26:54,710 --> 00:26:52,799
maybe the fda would approve our

689
00:26:56,070 --> 00:26:54,720
treatment on that basis and then of

690
00:26:58,149 --> 00:26:56,080
course people would take it for the

691
00:26:59,750 --> 00:26:58,159
general anti-aging effect but it would

692
00:27:01,830 --> 00:26:59,760
be legal because you could prescribe it

693
00:27:04,549 --> 00:27:01,840
off label for these other

694
00:27:06,950 --> 00:27:04,559
these other endpoints

695
00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:06,960
now if you think about it our you know

696
00:27:11,830 --> 00:27:09,200
we're we're built more or less

697
00:27:13,750 --> 00:27:11,840
through evolution to last just a certain

698
00:27:14,870 --> 00:27:13,760
amount of time we breed we carry on the

699
00:27:17,269 --> 00:27:14,880
species

700
00:27:18,870 --> 00:27:17,279
that type of thing you know 20 30 years

701
00:27:21,110 --> 00:27:18,880
old something like that and then it's

702
00:27:23,510 --> 00:27:21,120
kind of all downhill from there but in

703
00:27:25,110 --> 00:27:23,520
your opinion if we could address

704
00:27:28,230 --> 00:27:25,120
everything that

705
00:27:31,029 --> 00:27:28,240
could that can be addressed how long do

706
00:27:33,110 --> 00:27:31,039
you think a human could live

707
00:27:34,789 --> 00:27:33,120
sustain with brain function

708
00:27:38,470 --> 00:27:34,799
normal brain function

709
00:27:40,870 --> 00:27:38,480
it's really hard to answer that question

710
00:27:43,110 --> 00:27:40,880
uh because we don't have

711
00:27:45,590 --> 00:27:43,120
the kind of baseline data that we truly

712
00:27:47,350 --> 00:27:45,600
need for that for example

713
00:27:50,070 --> 00:27:47,360
uh bruce yankner

714
00:27:52,950 --> 00:27:50,080
at harvard has

715
00:27:55,029 --> 00:27:52,960
produced evidence that age-related

716
00:27:58,149 --> 00:27:55,039
changes in brain function may be related

717
00:28:01,269 --> 00:27:58,159
to the accumulation of mutations

718
00:28:03,269 --> 00:28:01,279
but i've generated some evidence that

719
00:28:05,430 --> 00:28:03,279
mutation accumulation is an active

720
00:28:07,830 --> 00:28:05,440
process in other words that it's

721
00:28:10,389 --> 00:28:07,840
activated by events that take place

722
00:28:13,190 --> 00:28:10,399
before the mutations occur such as the

723
00:28:14,870 --> 00:28:13,200
reduction of dna repair pathways

724
00:28:17,110 --> 00:28:14,880
and so we don't really know what would

725
00:28:19,669 --> 00:28:17,120
happen if the reduction of dna repair

726
00:28:21,110 --> 00:28:19,679
pathways never took place all we can say

727
00:28:23,669 --> 00:28:21,120
is that there are people that make it to

728
00:28:26,070 --> 00:28:23,679
the age of 100 with their

729
00:28:28,470 --> 00:28:26,080
mentation in pretty good shape even

730
00:28:30,470 --> 00:28:28,480
people who live to 110 can still think

731
00:28:32,470 --> 00:28:30,480
and function at some level

732
00:28:34,789 --> 00:28:32,480
what would happen if they had never had

733
00:28:36,389 --> 00:28:34,799
that handicap of having their brain

734
00:28:39,110 --> 00:28:36,399
aging programmed

735
00:28:40,710 --> 00:28:39,120
starting from maybe the age of 20 or 30.

736
00:28:44,070 --> 00:28:40,720
they would probably make it to 200 or

737
00:28:46,470 --> 00:28:44,080
300 or longer who knows you know so we

738
00:28:47,750 --> 00:28:46,480
don't have a lot of information

739
00:28:49,669 --> 00:28:47,760
um

740
00:28:51,590 --> 00:28:49,679
i will say that you know there was this

741
00:28:53,269 --> 00:28:51,600
interesting experiment was done a long

742
00:28:55,669 --> 00:28:53,279
time ago in which

743
00:28:58,149 --> 00:28:55,679
they found out that if you starve a worm

744
00:28:59,909 --> 00:28:58,159
it gets younger for a while and then if

745
00:29:01,590 --> 00:28:59,919
you refeed it it starts getting older

746
00:29:04,470 --> 00:29:01,600
again but then you can starve it again

747
00:29:05,990 --> 00:29:04,480
and make it younger and by yo-yoing it

748
00:29:08,470 --> 00:29:06,000
back and forth like that they were able

749
00:29:10,310 --> 00:29:08,480
to extend the lifespan of the worm

750
00:29:12,389 --> 00:29:10,320
it's actually a beetle now that i think

751
00:29:14,630 --> 00:29:12,399
about it but it was a larval beetle

752
00:29:16,470 --> 00:29:14,640
uh by a factor of 13.

753
00:29:18,789 --> 00:29:16,480
so that would be you know the equivalent

754
00:29:19,590 --> 00:29:18,799
of a human living to over 1300 years or

755
00:29:22,149 --> 00:29:19,600
so

756
00:29:23,990 --> 00:29:22,159
uh and the the worms eventually didn't

757
00:29:26,789 --> 00:29:24,000
die they did die but they didn't die of

758
00:29:28,950 --> 00:29:26,799
aging they decide they died of a design

759
00:29:31,430 --> 00:29:28,960
contradiction because they were never

760
00:29:33,990 --> 00:29:31,440
intended by nature to live that long and

761
00:29:36,549 --> 00:29:34,000
so they they had another issue that in

762
00:29:38,710 --> 00:29:36,559
normal life would never be an issue but

763
00:29:41,029 --> 00:29:38,720
uh and once you live 13 times longer it

764
00:29:43,190 --> 00:29:41,039
eventually builds up so

765
00:29:45,190 --> 00:29:43,200
in addition to aging per se we may have

766
00:29:47,190 --> 00:29:45,200
to look at design contradictions like

767
00:29:49,029 --> 00:29:47,200
that eventually but we'll have plenty of

768
00:29:49,990 --> 00:29:49,039
time to figure that out as we go along i

769
00:29:53,190 --> 00:29:50,000
hope

770
00:29:55,669 --> 00:29:53,200
so i just would say that um

771
00:29:58,950 --> 00:29:55,679
if if we didn't die of all of the causes

772
00:30:01,750 --> 00:29:58,960
of death that uh are part and parcel of

773
00:30:03,590 --> 00:30:01,760
aging these days i think we would live a

774
00:30:06,389 --> 00:30:03,600
very long time

775
00:30:09,430 --> 00:30:06,399
uh if statistically if

776
00:30:11,190 --> 00:30:09,440
the lowest mortality risk that you have

777
00:30:13,430 --> 00:30:11,200
is about the time you go through puberty

778
00:30:15,669 --> 00:30:13,440
it's all downhill from there uh and

779
00:30:18,149 --> 00:30:15,679
before puberty you're too young you're

780
00:30:21,029 --> 00:30:18,159
vulnerable but when you're about uh

781
00:30:24,149 --> 00:30:21,039
reaching your sexual maturation point

782
00:30:26,630 --> 00:30:24,159
you're pretty robust as an individual uh

783
00:30:29,029 --> 00:30:26,640
and uh if everybody could go back to

784
00:30:31,029 --> 00:30:29,039
that sort of optimum

785
00:30:35,029 --> 00:30:31,039
uh

786
00:30:36,870 --> 00:30:35,039
mortality

787
00:30:38,950 --> 00:30:36,880
we would have about a half-life of

788
00:30:41,590 --> 00:30:38,960
somewhere over 900 years

789
00:30:43,190 --> 00:30:41,600
like 930 years something like that so

790
00:30:45,350 --> 00:30:43,200
that would be uh

791
00:30:47,269 --> 00:30:45,360
based on the uh

792
00:30:48,230 --> 00:30:47,279
accumulation of accidents as a cause of

793
00:30:50,630 --> 00:30:48,240
death

794
00:30:52,310 --> 00:30:50,640
but of course once we live to 900 years

795
00:30:55,510 --> 00:30:52,320
we'll probably be more careful about

796
00:30:58,470 --> 00:30:55,520
avoiding accidents too so i would say uh

797
00:30:59,990 --> 00:30:58,480
there's no obvious limit uh i think uh

798
00:31:02,230 --> 00:31:00,000
in principle we should be able to push

799
00:31:03,669 --> 00:31:02,240
things out quite a quite a distance but

800
00:31:05,190 --> 00:31:03,679
of course we have to start somewhere so

801
00:31:07,669 --> 00:31:05,200
that's what paul and i are trying to do

802
00:31:10,149 --> 00:31:07,679
now yeah and i think i think we're we're

803
00:31:12,630 --> 00:31:10,159
knocking on the door of

804
00:31:15,269 --> 00:31:12,640
call it lifetime escape velocity

805
00:31:16,630 --> 00:31:15,279
or functional immortality where we can

806
00:31:18,470 --> 00:31:16,640
repair

807
00:31:20,789 --> 00:31:18,480
like aubrey de gray says things like

808
00:31:22,470 --> 00:31:20,799
mechanics in the body and scoop out that

809
00:31:24,310 --> 00:31:22,480
junk in the brain that greg is talking

810
00:31:26,470 --> 00:31:24,320
about and yeah i mean

811
00:31:29,990 --> 00:31:26,480
for us i just don't know i mean

812
00:31:31,590 --> 00:31:30,000
theoretically according to our clocks

813
00:31:33,430 --> 00:31:31,600
he's younger now than he was five years

814
00:31:35,750 --> 00:31:33,440
ago wait a minute we got two people

815
00:31:37,909 --> 00:31:35,760
talking here okay sorry that's all right

816
00:31:39,669 --> 00:31:37,919
yeah it won't it won't the the threat

817
00:31:41,669 --> 00:31:39,679
won't be so much from internal because

818
00:31:44,149 --> 00:31:41,679
we're getting a better handle on that it

819
00:31:46,789 --> 00:31:44,159
will be being run over by a bus things

820
00:31:47,990 --> 00:31:46,799
like that so the real challenge

821
00:31:50,389 --> 00:31:48,000
after

822
00:31:53,830 --> 00:31:50,399
working on telomeres and clearing out

823
00:31:57,029 --> 00:31:53,840
the brain and the thymus is really then

824
00:31:59,750 --> 00:31:57,039
the harder step of uploading

825
00:32:02,630 --> 00:31:59,760
and having a backup for whatever you

826
00:32:05,590 --> 00:32:02,640
consider your you to be because the

827
00:32:08,389 --> 00:32:05,600
failure point is being in this substrate

828
00:32:09,750 --> 00:32:08,399
and we're shoring it up really well but

829
00:32:12,710 --> 00:32:09,760
that's still what's going to be the

830
00:32:15,110 --> 00:32:12,720
glaring weakness in 100 years

831
00:32:16,789 --> 00:32:15,120
wow yeah yeah you wouldn't you wouldn't

832
00:32:18,549 --> 00:32:16,799
necessarily even have to sort of upload

833
00:32:21,029 --> 00:32:18,559
yourself into a computer if you could

834
00:32:23,029 --> 00:32:21,039
distribute your consciousness over a

835
00:32:24,789 --> 00:32:23,039
large volume of space

836
00:32:27,430 --> 00:32:24,799
uh since uh

837
00:32:28,789 --> 00:32:27,440
light travels very rapidly

838
00:32:30,310 --> 00:32:28,799
you could sort of smear your

839
00:32:32,710 --> 00:32:30,320
consciousness over

840
00:32:34,389 --> 00:32:32,720
say a planetary scale which would make

841
00:32:36,630 --> 00:32:34,399
it very hard to be killed by any

842
00:32:39,110 --> 00:32:36,640
discrete event happening anywhere on a

843
00:32:41,430 --> 00:32:39,120
subplanetary scale so there's all kinds

844
00:32:43,750 --> 00:32:41,440
of interesting possibilities for life

845
00:32:46,389 --> 00:32:43,760
extension in the future once we overcome

846
00:32:48,549 --> 00:32:46,399
the the initial problems we have now

847
00:32:50,789 --> 00:32:48,559
martin he's giving a great segue to ufos

848
00:32:53,669 --> 00:32:50,799
there are you gonna run with that

849
00:32:55,509 --> 00:32:53,679
no no you can do that um i was just

850
00:32:58,789 --> 00:32:55,519
thinking how cheap life insurance would

851
00:33:02,870 --> 00:32:59,909
that's true

852
00:33:04,549 --> 00:33:02,880
yeah so um it's funny someone mentioned

853
00:33:06,630 --> 00:33:04,559
something about keith richards that that

854
00:33:09,029 --> 00:33:06,640
is a that is that is pretty funny i have

855
00:33:10,950 --> 00:33:09,039
to say i want to talk about

856
00:33:14,149 --> 00:33:10,960
jellyfish

857
00:33:17,269 --> 00:33:14,159
can do

858
00:33:19,909 --> 00:33:17,279
they can they can basically go

859
00:33:21,190 --> 00:33:19,919
basically die and be reborn

860
00:33:22,549 --> 00:33:21,200
i mean i don't know if you've looked

861
00:33:25,029 --> 00:33:22,559
into that at all have you ever heard

862
00:33:26,549 --> 00:33:25,039
about that i'm not sure about the dying

863
00:33:28,470 --> 00:33:26,559
and big reborn part i think i may have

864
00:33:29,430 --> 00:33:28,480
heard of that

865
00:33:31,430 --> 00:33:29,440
there are

866
00:33:33,430 --> 00:33:31,440
organisms similar to jellyfish that

867
00:33:35,509 --> 00:33:33,440
never age because they can regenerate

868
00:33:37,190 --> 00:33:35,519
their body parts at all times like

869
00:33:39,750 --> 00:33:37,200
hydras for example

870
00:33:41,509 --> 00:33:39,760
uh they're related uh to to the

871
00:33:43,509 --> 00:33:41,519
jellyfish but i think i may have heard

872
00:33:45,990 --> 00:33:43,519
that story but you perhaps you could

873
00:33:48,149 --> 00:33:46,000
refresh the uh

874
00:33:51,110 --> 00:33:48,159
audience about it yeah i think i think

875
00:33:55,350 --> 00:33:51,120
you may be uh closer to it like they can

876
00:33:58,230 --> 00:33:55,360
just re they can regrow themselves yes

877
00:34:00,389 --> 00:33:58,240
yeah but yeah before i go off on a topic

878
00:34:01,990 --> 00:34:00,399
like that i should uh

879
00:34:05,110 --> 00:34:02,000
they they just do like a complete

880
00:34:07,750 --> 00:34:05,120
regeneration or something like that um

881
00:34:09,990 --> 00:34:07,760
it says right here i'm just reading

882
00:34:12,470 --> 00:34:10,000
when they die they sink to the floor and

883
00:34:14,069 --> 00:34:12,480
they begin to decay amazingly the cells

884
00:34:15,430 --> 00:34:14,079
re-agitate

885
00:34:17,829 --> 00:34:15,440
and uh

886
00:34:19,510 --> 00:34:17,839
but anyway i i think

887
00:34:21,510 --> 00:34:19,520
what i'm getting at by just mentioning

888
00:34:24,149 --> 00:34:21,520
this at all is i think that's another

889
00:34:26,950 --> 00:34:24,159
point of research something yes i can do

890
00:34:29,510 --> 00:34:26,960
this type of thing yeah i think i think

891
00:34:31,909 --> 00:34:29,520
regenerating new cells is not really

892
00:34:34,470 --> 00:34:31,919
much of a problem in theory

893
00:34:37,510 --> 00:34:34,480
we have stem cells that reproduce

894
00:34:39,030 --> 00:34:37,520
other tissues in the body and as long as

895
00:34:41,109 --> 00:34:39,040
the stem cells keep producing new

896
00:34:43,829 --> 00:34:41,119
tissues you can turn over

897
00:34:45,909 --> 00:34:43,839
uh tissues indefinitely in theory as

898
00:34:47,190 --> 00:34:45,919
long as you keep the stem cells happy

899
00:34:48,790 --> 00:34:47,200
and

900
00:34:50,389 --> 00:34:48,800
you know there's a lot of technologies

901
00:34:52,389 --> 00:34:50,399
coming along for that

902
00:34:54,310 --> 00:34:52,399
uh but it's the brain that you have to

903
00:34:56,550 --> 00:34:54,320
worry about because we we can't turn

904
00:34:58,870 --> 00:34:56,560
over the brain in the same way because

905
00:35:00,870 --> 00:34:58,880
we we have memories that we want to hold

906
00:35:03,030 --> 00:35:00,880
on to in the brain but

907
00:35:04,470 --> 00:35:03,040
we don't know a lot about how that works

908
00:35:07,190 --> 00:35:04,480
i can tell you

909
00:35:09,510 --> 00:35:07,200
that the brain does turn over and yet

910
00:35:11,670 --> 00:35:09,520
the memories stay there so i think the

911
00:35:14,150 --> 00:35:11,680
brain is clever enough to be able to do

912
00:35:16,550 --> 00:35:14,160
housekeeping and and turn over damaged

913
00:35:18,390 --> 00:35:16,560
molecules and still retain the memories

914
00:35:20,230 --> 00:35:18,400
in some way and it's a very very

915
00:35:23,829 --> 00:35:20,240
interesting uh

916
00:35:26,069 --> 00:35:23,839
question but if that's the case uh then

917
00:35:28,230 --> 00:35:26,079
perhaps just augmenting or maintaining

918
00:35:30,470 --> 00:35:28,240
the current turnover mechanisms that we

919
00:35:33,030 --> 00:35:30,480
already have would allow our brains to

920
00:35:34,790 --> 00:35:33,040
function pretty much indefinitely

921
00:35:37,190 --> 00:35:34,800
there may be an issue as to whether

922
00:35:39,030 --> 00:35:37,200
there's a finite uh memory storage

923
00:35:41,349 --> 00:35:39,040
capacity in the brain

924
00:35:44,069 --> 00:35:41,359
but like i was saying before if you can

925
00:35:46,310 --> 00:35:44,079
have a lot of brain atrophy and still

926
00:35:48,150 --> 00:35:46,320
have good cognitive function out to the

927
00:35:51,349 --> 00:35:48,160
age of 110

928
00:35:53,750 --> 00:35:51,359
then how far could you go if your brain

929
00:35:55,589 --> 00:35:53,760
mass was conserved perfectly

930
00:35:58,310 --> 00:35:55,599
uh you know instead you could probably

931
00:36:00,150 --> 00:35:58,320
go out at least to 400 years so i think

932
00:36:01,510 --> 00:36:00,160
once once we get out to ages like that

933
00:36:03,270 --> 00:36:01,520
then we'll

934
00:36:06,230 --> 00:36:03,280
you know have more time to pay attention

935
00:36:09,430 --> 00:36:06,240
to that as a possible limiting factor

936
00:36:11,510 --> 00:36:09,440
now what about um releasing endorphins

937
00:36:13,750 --> 00:36:11,520
it's like stimulating parts of your

938
00:36:15,750 --> 00:36:13,760
brain and things like that is that does

939
00:36:17,349 --> 00:36:15,760
that is that that has to be a positive

940
00:36:19,910 --> 00:36:17,359
effect

941
00:36:22,230 --> 00:36:19,920
well sure so i mean i think what that

942
00:36:23,190 --> 00:36:22,240
touches on with respect to longevity is

943
00:36:25,030 --> 00:36:23,200
that

944
00:36:26,950 --> 00:36:25,040
people who are happier live longer than

945
00:36:28,630 --> 00:36:26,960
people who are unhappy

946
00:36:30,390 --> 00:36:28,640
people are having a good time want to

947
00:36:31,510 --> 00:36:30,400
continue to have a good time

948
00:36:33,190 --> 00:36:31,520
and it's

949
00:36:35,270 --> 00:36:33,200
it's not just psychological it's also

950
00:36:36,310 --> 00:36:35,280
physiological because our brain talks to

951
00:36:38,310 --> 00:36:36,320
our body

952
00:36:40,150 --> 00:36:38,320
uh we have things called stress hormones

953
00:36:42,310 --> 00:36:40,160
that don't do us a lot of good in the

954
00:36:43,670 --> 00:36:42,320
long run if they're activated all the

955
00:36:46,470 --> 00:36:43,680
time

956
00:36:49,030 --> 00:36:46,480
and when we release oxytocin you know we

957
00:36:50,790 --> 00:36:49,040
feel good and warm fuzzy feelings and it

958
00:36:53,349 --> 00:36:50,800
turns out that that hormone also is

959
00:36:57,030 --> 00:36:53,359
related to preventing aging

960
00:36:59,190 --> 00:36:57,040
as programmed by the hypothalamus so uh

961
00:37:02,150 --> 00:36:59,200
yeah i think if you feel good you're

962
00:37:03,430 --> 00:37:02,160
going to do better uh and uh if you do

963
00:37:06,310 --> 00:37:03,440
better you're going to feel good so it's

964
00:37:07,190 --> 00:37:06,320
kind of a a positive cycle

965
00:37:09,270 --> 00:37:07,200
yeah

966
00:37:10,710 --> 00:37:09,280
i've had one of those years you know

967
00:37:12,870 --> 00:37:10,720
even though it's been covered i've just

968
00:37:15,109 --> 00:37:12,880
had i've had uh

969
00:37:18,150 --> 00:37:15,119
uh things really nice happen this year

970
00:37:20,150 --> 00:37:18,160
that um i feel really good about so i

971
00:37:21,030 --> 00:37:20,160
feel like i'm gonna live longer

972
00:37:22,390 --> 00:37:21,040
good

973
00:37:25,510 --> 00:37:22,400
yeah yeah

974
00:37:27,589 --> 00:37:25,520
so um one of the things also i was

975
00:37:30,310 --> 00:37:27,599
thinking about when when we're looking

976
00:37:32,069 --> 00:37:30,320
at the different things that that people

977
00:37:34,710 --> 00:37:32,079
can do is uh

978
00:37:38,069 --> 00:37:34,720
uh paul i heard you mention

979
00:37:40,310 --> 00:37:38,079
um a hallucinogen i believe it was

980
00:37:42,230 --> 00:37:40,320
when you were on my show and i'm trying

981
00:37:46,550 --> 00:37:42,240
to remember what it was it's a

982
00:37:48,310 --> 00:37:46,560
d dm what what was it that you had taken

983
00:37:51,109 --> 00:37:48,320
at one time

984
00:37:55,910 --> 00:37:51,119
i guess dmt and this is not

985
00:37:57,190 --> 00:37:55,920
part of the trim trial i mean oh oh oh

986
00:37:59,430 --> 00:37:57,200
that's right

987
00:38:01,829 --> 00:37:59,440
maybe i can lobby for its inclusion in

988
00:38:03,109 --> 00:38:01,839
the subsequent trial uh but i've got a

989
00:38:05,510 --> 00:38:03,119
little bit of a hurdle to get over with

990
00:38:07,750 --> 00:38:05,520
uh the esteemed dr fay on that one i

991
00:38:08,630 --> 00:38:07,760
think um we'll have to have a talk about

992
00:38:11,589 --> 00:38:08,640
that

993
00:38:14,310 --> 00:38:11,599
yeah so so dmt is um

994
00:38:16,230 --> 00:38:14,320
well i i guess i could make the the the

995
00:38:19,589 --> 00:38:16,240
connective tissue here

996
00:38:21,750 --> 00:38:19,599
in terms of serotonins and endorphins

997
00:38:24,550 --> 00:38:21,760
and being happier living longer i think

998
00:38:25,750 --> 00:38:24,560
that's sort of a tenuous connection but

999
00:38:28,390 --> 00:38:25,760
um

1000
00:38:31,430 --> 00:38:28,400
in my experience psychedelics

1001
00:38:33,670 --> 00:38:31,440
have can have a profound impact

1002
00:38:35,589 --> 00:38:33,680
on someone's outlook on life feeling

1003
00:38:37,670 --> 00:38:35,599
more connected or

1004
00:38:40,390 --> 00:38:37,680
more relaxed etc

1005
00:38:43,190 --> 00:38:40,400
and dmt is a a really

1006
00:38:45,190 --> 00:38:43,200
i think intriguing substance that's in a

1007
00:38:46,790 --> 00:38:45,200
class apart from

1008
00:38:49,430 --> 00:38:46,800
other psychedelics that i'm aware of

1009
00:38:50,630 --> 00:38:49,440
it's stronger and it's also more natural

1010
00:38:52,550 --> 00:38:50,640
occurring

1011
00:38:54,470 --> 00:38:52,560
is secreted by the pineal gland and the

1012
00:38:56,310 --> 00:38:54,480
human brain and it's sort of cursing

1013
00:38:57,670 --> 00:38:56,320
throughout the natural kingdom

1014
00:38:58,710 --> 00:38:57,680
um and

1015
00:39:02,630 --> 00:38:58,720
it

1016
00:39:04,150 --> 00:39:02,640
is that in reading a lot of the research

1017
00:39:07,190 --> 00:39:04,160
reports of

1018
00:39:10,470 --> 00:39:07,200
case studies or of user reports it kind

1019
00:39:12,310 --> 00:39:10,480
of echoes the early days of ufo reports

1020
00:39:14,710 --> 00:39:12,320
in some of the patterns emerging of some

1021
00:39:18,390 --> 00:39:14,720
of the archetypes of things that people

1022
00:39:23,270 --> 00:39:20,470
wow um and

1023
00:39:25,430 --> 00:39:23,280
what about um i watch this great show i

1024
00:39:28,390 --> 00:39:25,440
love to watch these documentaries and

1025
00:39:30,710 --> 00:39:28,400
there was one called fantastic fun fungi

1026
00:39:33,109 --> 00:39:30,720
or fungi

1027
00:39:36,150 --> 00:39:33,119
that that was absolutely fascinating to

1028
00:39:37,349 --> 00:39:36,160
me and how interconnected everything

1029
00:39:38,870 --> 00:39:37,359
seems to be

1030
00:39:41,349 --> 00:39:38,880
in so many ways

1031
00:39:43,109 --> 00:39:41,359
and yeah they feature paul stamets who

1032
00:39:45,910 --> 00:39:43,119
is the sort of

1033
00:39:47,349 --> 00:39:45,920
uh fungal hero of the world and one of

1034
00:39:50,150 --> 00:39:47,359
the interesting things to your point

1035
00:39:51,990 --> 00:39:50,160
martin about connectedness is that let's

1036
00:39:54,069 --> 00:39:52,000
say you have a forest underneath the

1037
00:39:56,870 --> 00:39:54,079
forest floor in the ground there's a

1038
00:39:58,470 --> 00:39:56,880
michael rizal network that's sort of a

1039
00:40:01,270 --> 00:39:58,480
fungal router

1040
00:40:04,470 --> 00:40:01,280
that connects to all the trees and

1041
00:40:07,270 --> 00:40:04,480
channels resources to trees based on

1042
00:40:09,990 --> 00:40:07,280
seasonality and their particular needs

1043
00:40:12,230 --> 00:40:10,000
and it's a living organism that is

1044
00:40:14,870 --> 00:40:12,240
localized intelligence

1045
00:40:17,190 --> 00:40:14,880
without any man-made interference that

1046
00:40:19,990 --> 00:40:17,200
is sort of helping the individual

1047
00:40:23,270 --> 00:40:20,000
organisms in the forest

1048
00:40:24,870 --> 00:40:23,280
it's amazing just amazing and and i

1049
00:40:27,190 --> 00:40:24,880
think we're going to know more and more

1050
00:40:28,390 --> 00:40:27,200
about that you know as as time the more

1051
00:40:30,710 --> 00:40:28,400
the study

1052
00:40:31,829 --> 00:40:30,720
that goes into it um there's something

1053
00:40:34,230 --> 00:40:31,839
up here

1054
00:40:36,390 --> 00:40:34,240
because some the average person a lot of

1055
00:40:38,710 --> 00:40:36,400
people may feel this way this is a text

1056
00:40:40,470 --> 00:40:38,720
i'm putting up here from raphael uh what

1057
00:40:43,190 --> 00:40:40,480
good is living longer if your body

1058
00:40:45,030 --> 00:40:43,200
begins to fail why bother

1059
00:40:48,390 --> 00:40:45,040
yeah i think if your body begins to fail

1060
00:40:52,630 --> 00:40:49,430
okay

1061
00:40:53,750 --> 00:40:52,640
so don't rest i think it's just

1062
00:40:55,030 --> 00:40:53,760
right

1063
00:40:56,710 --> 00:40:55,040
that's not what we're talking about

1064
00:40:58,950 --> 00:40:56,720
we're talking about keeping your body

1065
00:41:00,630 --> 00:40:58,960
healthy and therefore extending your

1066
00:41:01,829 --> 00:41:00,640
longevity as well

1067
00:41:05,109 --> 00:41:01,839
yeah

1068
00:41:06,550 --> 00:41:05,119
and greg and i've heard this kind of

1069
00:41:08,230 --> 00:41:06,560
question before it's like why would i

1070
00:41:10,870 --> 00:41:08,240
want to live an extra 30 years in a

1071
00:41:13,270 --> 00:41:10,880
wheelchair or on a ventilator you know

1072
00:41:15,910 --> 00:41:13,280
we're not we're talking about a still

1073
00:41:19,430 --> 00:41:15,920
hopefully short morbidity period but a

1074
00:41:21,109 --> 00:41:19,440
much longer period of vitality

1075
00:41:22,950 --> 00:41:21,119
i see yeah i mean

1076
00:41:23,990 --> 00:41:22,960
i mean it's always about the quality of

1077
00:41:27,270 --> 00:41:24,000
life

1078
00:41:30,230 --> 00:41:27,280
i mean who who wants to live miserably

1079
00:41:32,309 --> 00:41:30,240
you know um so and i think it's an

1080
00:41:34,470 --> 00:41:32,319
important you know the number one thing

1081
00:41:36,069 --> 00:41:34,480
i would imagine you would have to say

1082
00:41:37,349 --> 00:41:36,079
here the number one thing is taking care

1083
00:41:39,510 --> 00:41:37,359
of yourself

1084
00:41:41,510 --> 00:41:39,520
and and what does that mean

1085
00:41:42,309 --> 00:41:41,520
diet exercise

1086
00:41:44,390 --> 00:41:42,319
uh

1087
00:41:46,710 --> 00:41:44,400
don't smoke i know there's there may be

1088
00:41:48,470 --> 00:41:46,720
people listening right now that smoke um

1089
00:41:49,829 --> 00:41:48,480
it's it's not going to do you any good i

1090
00:41:52,230 --> 00:41:49,839
mean you think of what it does to your

1091
00:41:55,349 --> 00:41:52,240
skin for one how much it ages

1092
00:41:57,829 --> 00:41:55,359
um ages people and and just in just the

1093
00:41:58,790 --> 00:41:57,839
you know the skin alone um but

1094
00:41:59,670 --> 00:41:58,800
also

1095
00:42:01,910 --> 00:41:59,680
uh

1096
00:42:03,510 --> 00:42:01,920
you know and and get the right nutrition

1097
00:42:05,670 --> 00:42:03,520
you know i mean what else

1098
00:42:07,829 --> 00:42:05,680
is there for the average person um you

1099
00:42:09,910 --> 00:42:07,839
know exercise of course is really a big

1100
00:42:12,390 --> 00:42:09,920
thing in that as well

1101
00:42:14,790 --> 00:42:12,400
when you hear somebody greg already said

1102
00:42:16,550 --> 00:42:14,800
that you're brilliant and soft-spoken

1103
00:42:19,589 --> 00:42:16,560
when you hear somebody like greg fay who

1104
00:42:20,710 --> 00:42:19,599
does not sort of go out on a limb

1105
00:42:22,390 --> 00:42:20,720
actually

1106
00:42:26,390 --> 00:42:22,400
bandy around

1107
00:42:30,870 --> 00:42:26,400
centuries of possible lifespan we're on

1108
00:42:32,550 --> 00:42:30,880
the cusp of far greater lifespans so you

1109
00:42:35,829 --> 00:42:32,560
really want to take care of yourself it

1110
00:42:38,710 --> 00:42:35,839
would really be a shame to be the last

1111
00:42:41,670 --> 00:42:38,720
generation or the last individuals that

1112
00:42:44,630 --> 00:42:41,680
smoked themselves out of getting on that

1113
00:42:46,870 --> 00:42:44,640
bus of lifetime escape velocity

1114
00:42:48,630 --> 00:42:46,880
right right and

1115
00:42:50,550 --> 00:42:48,640
um you know going back to the amount of

1116
00:42:53,270 --> 00:42:50,560
time we're supposed to live

1117
00:42:55,349 --> 00:42:53,280
um when things you mentioned greg i

1118
00:42:57,910 --> 00:42:55,359
believe you mentioned that your body

1119
00:43:00,150 --> 00:42:57,920
things start to change right after

1120
00:43:02,150 --> 00:43:00,160
puberty which is really

1121
00:43:05,589 --> 00:43:02,160
pretty scary it's it's kind of all all

1122
00:43:07,430 --> 00:43:05,599
downhill from there is it all downhill

1123
00:43:09,349 --> 00:43:07,440
in your entire

1124
00:43:11,670 --> 00:43:09,359
body or just

1125
00:43:14,390 --> 00:43:11,680
parts of your body or brain

1126
00:43:17,109 --> 00:43:14,400
well in in terms of certain

1127
00:43:19,589 --> 00:43:17,119
things like muscular strength

1128
00:43:21,910 --> 00:43:19,599
uh you continue to get stronger and

1129
00:43:23,030 --> 00:43:21,920
continue to grow to some extent after

1130
00:43:24,069 --> 00:43:23,040
puberty

1131
00:43:25,670 --> 00:43:24,079
uh

1132
00:43:28,150 --> 00:43:25,680
so in some ways you're becoming more

1133
00:43:30,550 --> 00:43:28,160
powerful and more formidable as an

1134
00:43:33,510 --> 00:43:30,560
organism uh but at the same time your

1135
00:43:35,750 --> 00:43:33,520
immune system is beginning to go to hell

1136
00:43:38,309 --> 00:43:35,760
as you go through uh puberty it triggers

1137
00:43:40,069 --> 00:43:38,319
the destruction of your immune system

1138
00:43:41,270 --> 00:43:40,079
and eventually that catches up with you

1139
00:43:42,870 --> 00:43:41,280
and starts dragging the rest of your

1140
00:43:45,109 --> 00:43:42,880
body down with it

1141
00:43:48,150 --> 00:43:45,119
also as you go through puberty you

1142
00:43:49,430 --> 00:43:48,160
reduce growth hormone uh and you reduce

1143
00:43:51,030 --> 00:43:49,440
dhea

1144
00:43:52,550 --> 00:43:51,040
and it turns out the growth hormone

1145
00:43:54,230 --> 00:43:52,560
although it's sort of a double-edged

1146
00:43:56,069 --> 00:43:54,240
sword

1147
00:43:57,990 --> 00:43:56,079
is necessary for maintaining all kinds

1148
00:44:00,950 --> 00:43:58,000
of functions as you get older

1149
00:44:04,150 --> 00:44:00,960
and dha as well

1150
00:44:06,950 --> 00:44:04,160
does things like help you not get fat

1151
00:44:08,309 --> 00:44:06,960
you know and so as dhea goes down

1152
00:44:09,829 --> 00:44:08,319
you're subjected to more and more

1153
00:44:11,829 --> 00:44:09,839
problems so

1154
00:44:14,390 --> 00:44:11,839
i it seems like it all sort of stems

1155
00:44:16,230 --> 00:44:14,400
from puberty that there are

1156
00:44:17,829 --> 00:44:16,240
interesting cases you know in the

1157
00:44:19,430 --> 00:44:17,839
scientific literature in which if you

1158
00:44:20,829 --> 00:44:19,440
prevent puberty

1159
00:44:23,829 --> 00:44:20,839
you can prevent

1160
00:44:25,670 --> 00:44:23,839
aging uh that worm experiment that i

1161
00:44:26,390 --> 00:44:25,680
told you in which the worms are able to

1162
00:44:29,750 --> 00:44:26,400
live

1163
00:44:31,430 --> 00:44:29,760
uh 13 times longer than the normal

1164
00:44:34,069 --> 00:44:31,440
that was accomplished by preventing them

1165
00:44:36,150 --> 00:44:34,079
from actually becoming adults so you

1166
00:44:37,030 --> 00:44:36,160
know the peter pan story had some merit

1167
00:44:38,950 --> 00:44:37,040
to it

1168
00:44:41,510 --> 00:44:38,960
uh you know if you if you don't uh

1169
00:44:43,190 --> 00:44:41,520
become an adult you may not age

1170
00:44:46,150 --> 00:44:43,200
uh but since

1171
00:44:48,870 --> 00:44:46,160
the old body the adult body has exactly

1172
00:44:51,030 --> 00:44:48,880
the same genes as the young body

1173
00:44:53,349 --> 00:44:51,040
uh you still know everything you need to

1174
00:44:54,790 --> 00:44:53,359
know to stay young when you're an adult

1175
00:44:57,190 --> 00:44:54,800
it's just you're not using that

1176
00:44:59,270 --> 00:44:57,200
information anymore so if we can turn

1177
00:45:00,950 --> 00:44:59,280
that information back on again and

1178
00:45:02,710 --> 00:45:00,960
maintain your

1179
00:45:04,309 --> 00:45:02,720
you know sort of life maintenance

1180
00:45:05,750 --> 00:45:04,319
systems the way they were when you were

1181
00:45:07,990 --> 00:45:05,760
young

1182
00:45:09,030 --> 00:45:08,000
you should again go down to a mortality

1183
00:45:11,670 --> 00:45:09,040
rate that's

1184
00:45:13,030 --> 00:45:11,680
affected much much much much less by

1185
00:45:15,990 --> 00:45:13,040
aging if not

1186
00:45:18,390 --> 00:45:16,000
you know if if anything at all by aging

1187
00:45:21,270 --> 00:45:18,400
and what about antioxidants as far as

1188
00:45:24,150 --> 00:45:21,280
the type and other types of food that

1189
00:45:27,270 --> 00:45:24,160
works pretty well for like at least

1190
00:45:28,790 --> 00:45:27,280
slowing down aging is there such a thing

1191
00:45:31,750 --> 00:45:28,800
yeah so

1192
00:45:33,829 --> 00:45:31,760
paul may want to comment on this too but

1193
00:45:35,670 --> 00:45:33,839
for many years

1194
00:45:37,750 --> 00:45:35,680
the american aging association was led

1195
00:45:39,750 --> 00:45:37,760
by a guy named denim harmon

1196
00:45:42,390 --> 00:45:39,760
and denim harman i used to know he was a

1197
00:45:43,910 --> 00:45:42,400
nice guy he invented the free radical

1198
00:45:46,630 --> 00:45:43,920
theory of aging

1199
00:45:48,230 --> 00:45:46,640
and dirk pearson and sandy shaw used to

1200
00:45:49,829 --> 00:45:48,240
go on the merv griffin show and talk

1201
00:45:51,829 --> 00:45:49,839
about how using antioxidants would

1202
00:45:53,829 --> 00:45:51,839
extend your lifespan according to dave

1203
00:45:56,390 --> 00:45:53,839
you know denim harmon's theory

1204
00:45:58,950 --> 00:45:56,400
and so uh harmon started off early in

1205
00:46:02,390 --> 00:45:58,960
his career by extending the lifespan of

1206
00:46:04,550 --> 00:46:02,400
rhodesis by 50 by feeding them bht

1207
00:46:06,950 --> 00:46:04,560
which is a you know an antioxidant

1208
00:46:08,630 --> 00:46:06,960
that's used to preserve potato chips and

1209
00:46:10,630 --> 00:46:08,640
so the thought was well if it preserves

1210
00:46:12,390 --> 00:46:10,640
potato chips maybe it will preserve me

1211
00:46:14,230 --> 00:46:12,400
too but uh

1212
00:46:15,109 --> 00:46:14,240
since then there's been a lot of work

1213
00:46:19,670 --> 00:46:15,119
done

1214
00:46:20,950 --> 00:46:19,680
in the laboratory of arlen richardson in

1215
00:46:22,069 --> 00:46:20,960
texas

1216
00:46:24,870 --> 00:46:22,079
looked at

1217
00:46:27,109 --> 00:46:24,880
various genetic mutants in which

1218
00:46:29,030 --> 00:46:27,119
antioxidant defenses so you know you can

1219
00:46:31,670 --> 00:46:29,040
eat bht but

1220
00:46:33,990 --> 00:46:31,680
that alone is not the main defense that

1221
00:46:34,950 --> 00:46:34,000
you have most of your defenses are built

1222
00:46:36,950 --> 00:46:34,960
in

1223
00:46:39,270 --> 00:46:36,960
so you have enzymes that get rid of free

1224
00:46:42,390 --> 00:46:39,280
radicals and other oxidants

1225
00:46:44,150 --> 00:46:42,400
and you can knock those defenses out

1226
00:46:47,270 --> 00:46:44,160
through genetic mutations and see what

1227
00:46:50,150 --> 00:46:47,280
happens and what you see in every case

1228
00:46:52,790 --> 00:46:50,160
and he did like 20 of these mutations is

1229
00:46:54,950 --> 00:46:52,800
that yeah all of these oxidative damage

1230
00:46:57,750 --> 00:46:54,960
products accumulate when you do that and

1231
00:46:59,430 --> 00:46:57,760
there's absolutely no effect on lifespan

1232
00:47:01,430 --> 00:46:59,440
whatsoever

1233
00:47:03,109 --> 00:47:01,440
with one exception and that was catalase

1234
00:47:04,790 --> 00:47:03,119
expression in the heart and that turns

1235
00:47:05,910 --> 00:47:04,800
out to be artificial

1236
00:47:08,309 --> 00:47:05,920
so

1237
00:47:10,230 --> 00:47:08,319
the evidence in favor of the idea that

1238
00:47:12,390 --> 00:47:10,240
we age because of free radical and

1239
00:47:14,230 --> 00:47:12,400
oxidative damage

1240
00:47:16,550 --> 00:47:14,240
just really isn't there

1241
00:47:18,309 --> 00:47:16,560
but of course you can always point to

1242
00:47:19,349 --> 00:47:18,319
specific cases in which there's a

1243
00:47:20,150 --> 00:47:19,359
benefit

1244
00:47:21,990 --> 00:47:20,160
so

1245
00:47:24,549 --> 00:47:22,000
i advocate you know

1246
00:47:27,510 --> 00:47:24,559
taking multivitamins taking vitamin c

1247
00:47:28,950 --> 00:47:27,520
vitamin d vitamin e

1248
00:47:31,270 --> 00:47:28,960
all these things are good and they do

1249
00:47:34,069 --> 00:47:31,280
have antioxidant properties

1250
00:47:35,990 --> 00:47:34,079
but the irony the deep irony that has

1251
00:47:37,430 --> 00:47:36,000
finally emerged after decades of people

1252
00:47:40,069 --> 00:47:37,440
thinking about this

1253
00:47:43,990 --> 00:47:40,079
is that the true cause of aging is too

1254
00:47:45,910 --> 00:47:44,000
little oxidation not too much oxidation

1255
00:47:48,630 --> 00:47:45,920
and this came out of david sinclair's

1256
00:47:50,230 --> 00:47:48,640
lab when he discovered that a major

1257
00:47:52,630 --> 00:47:50,240
driver of aging

1258
00:47:55,589 --> 00:47:52,640
is a molecule called nad

1259
00:47:57,910 --> 00:47:55,599
and nad uh exists in every cell in your

1260
00:48:01,270 --> 00:47:57,920
body including your red blood cells

1261
00:48:03,349 --> 00:48:01,280
uh and without nad we'd all die in

1262
00:48:08,549 --> 00:48:03,359
probably several seconds

1263
00:48:10,950 --> 00:48:08,559
uh and what nid is is it's an oxidant

1264
00:48:15,510 --> 00:48:10,960
and it has a partner nadh which is a

1265
00:48:18,230 --> 00:48:15,520
reductant so nad and nadh are a pair uh

1266
00:48:20,150 --> 00:48:18,240
and nadh gives you

1267
00:48:22,630 --> 00:48:20,160
reducing equivalence to help you make

1268
00:48:24,710 --> 00:48:22,640
things like proteins and other things

1269
00:48:27,270 --> 00:48:24,720
uh but without the flip side of that

1270
00:48:28,069 --> 00:48:27,280
coin the oxidized oxidizing side of that

1271
00:48:31,430 --> 00:48:28,079
coin

1272
00:48:34,470 --> 00:48:31,440
uh you would die and as a matter of fact

1273
00:48:35,910 --> 00:48:34,480
it's the reduction in nad with age that

1274
00:48:37,430 --> 00:48:35,920
probably drives a great deal of the

1275
00:48:39,750 --> 00:48:37,440
aging process

1276
00:48:41,589 --> 00:48:39,760
and so uh you know the really

1277
00:48:44,230 --> 00:48:41,599
interesting thing to do nowadays is to

1278
00:48:46,069 --> 00:48:44,240
figure out how to raise your nad level

1279
00:48:47,829 --> 00:48:46,079
so that you can come into better balance

1280
00:48:49,190 --> 00:48:47,839
and and sort of reverse your aging

1281
00:48:51,109 --> 00:48:49,200
programs

1282
00:48:52,150 --> 00:48:51,119
so you know short short answer the

1283
00:48:53,109 --> 00:48:52,160
question is

1284
00:48:55,109 --> 00:48:53,119
uh

1285
00:48:58,150 --> 00:48:55,119
the the big part of the story is you

1286
00:49:00,309 --> 00:48:58,160
need more oxidation not less

1287
00:49:02,710 --> 00:49:00,319
i've got nothing whatsoever to add to

1288
00:49:03,750 --> 00:49:02,720
that but one thing i like to say that's

1289
00:49:05,589 --> 00:49:03,760
a part

1290
00:49:08,150 --> 00:49:05,599
part of our trial is that

1291
00:49:10,230 --> 00:49:08,160
we're still in the era of generalized

1292
00:49:12,630 --> 00:49:10,240
medicine you know take multivitamins do

1293
00:49:14,470 --> 00:49:12,640
this and we're soon going into we

1294
00:49:16,390 --> 00:49:14,480
already see a lot of efforts of much

1295
00:49:18,630 --> 00:49:16,400
more personalized medicine

1296
00:49:21,430 --> 00:49:18,640
and one of the really important benefits

1297
00:49:22,710 --> 00:49:21,440
that i get as a as a patient or as a

1298
00:49:25,190 --> 00:49:22,720
participant

1299
00:49:27,990 --> 00:49:25,200
in the two trim trials so far

1300
00:49:30,069 --> 00:49:28,000
is greg's you know imagine if you have

1301
00:49:30,870 --> 00:49:30,079
the best doctor you've ever had in your

1302
00:49:34,230 --> 00:49:30,880
life

1303
00:49:36,069 --> 00:49:34,240
who pays more attention to you than any

1304
00:49:39,510 --> 00:49:36,079
doctor ever has

1305
00:49:42,230 --> 00:49:39,520
by the in the form of voluminous emails

1306
00:49:44,390 --> 00:49:42,240
and not in service of eradicating

1307
00:49:47,349 --> 00:49:44,400
whatever complaint you have

1308
00:49:49,589 --> 00:49:47,359
but of radically increasing your life

1309
00:49:51,589 --> 00:49:49,599
and checking i don't know how many blood

1310
00:49:52,870 --> 00:49:51,599
tests i've done in the last 12 months 13

1311
00:49:54,390 --> 00:49:52,880
14 or so

1312
00:49:56,230 --> 00:49:54,400
uh so you're

1313
00:49:59,030 --> 00:49:56,240
monitored all the time for your

1314
00:50:00,549 --> 00:49:59,040
individual characteristics and then each

1315
00:50:02,950 --> 00:50:00,559
part of our

1316
00:50:05,910 --> 00:50:02,960
treatment regimen is carefully

1317
00:50:06,950 --> 00:50:05,920
calibrated so you really feel like

1318
00:50:08,790 --> 00:50:06,960
you've got

1319
00:50:10,230 --> 00:50:08,800
one of the best medical minds in your

1320
00:50:12,230 --> 00:50:10,240
corner spending

1321
00:50:15,109 --> 00:50:12,240
much more time on your case to really

1322
00:50:17,109 --> 00:50:15,119
help your health and i think in general

1323
00:50:19,750 --> 00:50:17,119
we're moving more towards that with much

1324
00:50:21,990 --> 00:50:19,760
better diagnostics of the microbiome and

1325
00:50:24,630 --> 00:50:22,000
other markers in your body so that we

1326
00:50:28,470 --> 00:50:24,640
will know how much vitamin d do you need

1327
00:50:31,109 --> 00:50:28,480
vitamin k nad etc and that will be a big

1328
00:50:34,549 --> 00:50:31,119
boost in health for everybody

1329
00:50:35,990 --> 00:50:34,559
do they do they study centenarians

1330
00:50:38,470 --> 00:50:36,000
you know they always say you know it's

1331
00:50:40,630 --> 00:50:38,480
people uh that they'll say oh it's

1332
00:50:42,710 --> 00:50:40,640
longevity is in the genes

1333
00:50:46,069 --> 00:50:42,720
you know it i don't know i mean that's

1334
00:50:48,150 --> 00:50:46,079
what you hear people say um but yeah

1335
00:50:50,710 --> 00:50:48,160
yeah there are there are various

1336
00:50:53,109 --> 00:50:50,720
individuals that study centenarians

1337
00:50:55,910 --> 00:50:53,119
uh we've learned a lot about aging uh

1338
00:50:57,990 --> 00:50:55,920
from studying centenarians

1339
00:50:59,750 --> 00:50:58,000
we find that centenarians are different

1340
00:51:00,950 --> 00:50:59,760
kinds of people

1341
00:51:02,549 --> 00:51:00,960
they just

1342
00:51:05,030 --> 00:51:02,559
they don't get sick

1343
00:51:07,349 --> 00:51:05,040
or some of them get sick but it doesn't

1344
00:51:10,230 --> 00:51:07,359
affect their longevity they just deal

1345
00:51:11,589 --> 00:51:10,240
with it they just handle it uh

1346
00:51:14,309 --> 00:51:11,599
and you know

1347
00:51:16,870 --> 00:51:14,319
their offspring show similar features so

1348
00:51:18,790 --> 00:51:16,880
when they get married and they have kids

1349
00:51:20,790 --> 00:51:18,800
some of their kids inherit their jeans

1350
00:51:23,990 --> 00:51:20,800
and those kids seem to do better than

1351
00:51:25,349 --> 00:51:24,000
the average 80 year olds of the same age

1352
00:51:26,790 --> 00:51:25,359
as the is the offspring of the

1353
00:51:30,230 --> 00:51:26,800
centenarians

1354
00:51:32,470 --> 00:51:30,240
so

1355
00:51:35,190 --> 00:51:32,480
i think what these people teach us is

1356
00:51:38,390 --> 00:51:35,200
that there are biological tricks that

1357
00:51:40,069 --> 00:51:38,400
can deal with aging to a large extent

1358
00:51:42,230 --> 00:51:40,079
of course not to the point of

1359
00:51:44,390 --> 00:51:42,240
immortality but certainly much better

1360
00:51:46,390 --> 00:51:44,400
than the average population so the more

1361
00:51:48,150 --> 00:51:46,400
we learn from them uh the better we'll

1362
00:51:50,870 --> 00:51:48,160
be able to handle aging

1363
00:51:52,390 --> 00:51:50,880
for ourselves as well

1364
00:51:54,870 --> 00:51:52,400
all fascinating this is all very

1365
00:51:57,030 --> 00:51:54,880
fascinating someone wanted uh john

1366
00:52:00,870 --> 00:51:57,040
wanted me to ask you about the use of

1367
00:52:03,430 --> 00:52:00,880
hyperbaric oxygen chambers

1368
00:52:05,990 --> 00:52:03,440
yeah so uh well i find these very

1369
00:52:07,990 --> 00:52:06,000
interesting and uh there's actually one

1370
00:52:09,589 --> 00:52:08,000
not too far from where i'm located in

1371
00:52:12,710 --> 00:52:09,599
southern california

1372
00:52:13,670 --> 00:52:12,720
and i do plan to uh pay a visit to that

1373
00:52:15,750 --> 00:52:13,680
uh

1374
00:52:18,230 --> 00:52:15,760
so i have a theory about hyperbaric

1375
00:52:21,030 --> 00:52:18,240
oxygenation so there was a there was a

1376
00:52:23,270 --> 00:52:21,040
story recently that came out of

1377
00:52:25,349 --> 00:52:23,280
israel

1378
00:52:26,630 --> 00:52:25,359
because they claimed that they were able

1379
00:52:29,510 --> 00:52:26,640
to

1380
00:52:31,750 --> 00:52:29,520
make cells younger by putting people

1381
00:52:33,910 --> 00:52:31,760
into a hyperbaric oxygen table

1382
00:52:35,670 --> 00:52:33,920
and what they were referring to is

1383
00:52:38,470 --> 00:52:35,680
that they made measurements

1384
00:52:39,910 --> 00:52:38,480
that indicated that the telomeres were

1385
00:52:42,870 --> 00:52:39,920
longer in the people that went in the

1386
00:52:44,870 --> 00:52:42,880
hyperbaric chamber

1387
00:52:46,950 --> 00:52:44,880
that was refuted by

1388
00:52:48,950 --> 00:52:46,960
bill andrews who's uh

1389
00:52:50,549 --> 00:52:48,960
probably the world's leading expert on

1390
00:52:51,349 --> 00:52:50,559
telomeres these days

1391
00:52:53,829 --> 00:52:51,359
uh

1392
00:52:55,430 --> 00:52:53,839
what he said is that it's been it's been

1393
00:52:57,829 --> 00:52:55,440
shown for a long time that hyperbaric

1394
00:52:59,990 --> 00:52:57,839
oxygenation will kill

1395
00:53:02,069 --> 00:53:00,000
uh senescent cells cells that have short

1396
00:53:03,589 --> 00:53:02,079
telomers and of course that means that

1397
00:53:05,430 --> 00:53:03,599
the cells that are not killed have

1398
00:53:07,270 --> 00:53:05,440
longer telomeres so when you measure

1399
00:53:09,190 --> 00:53:07,280
telomere length it looks like they

1400
00:53:10,150 --> 00:53:09,200
actually increased but they actually did

1401
00:53:13,510 --> 00:53:10,160
not

1402
00:53:14,870 --> 00:53:13,520
so there has been some hype about

1403
00:53:15,990 --> 00:53:14,880
these chambers recently and i believe

1404
00:53:18,069 --> 00:53:16,000
there's been

1405
00:53:20,309 --> 00:53:18,079
more uh that has come out since that

1406
00:53:23,109 --> 00:53:20,319
initial study and i have to confess i'm

1407
00:53:26,309 --> 00:53:23,119
not uh totally up to speed on all of it

1408
00:53:28,630 --> 00:53:26,319
but uh my theory about it is that

1409
00:53:31,510 --> 00:53:28,640
it offers some really interesting

1410
00:53:33,990 --> 00:53:31,520
potential for reversing aging

1411
00:53:36,390 --> 00:53:34,000
because what does it do if you go into a

1412
00:53:39,750 --> 00:53:36,400
hyperbaric oxygen chamber you're getting

1413
00:53:41,270 --> 00:53:39,760
more oxygen and what is oxygen oxygen is

1414
00:53:43,750 --> 00:53:41,280
an oxidant

1415
00:53:45,190 --> 00:53:43,760
and so it's going to convert your nadh

1416
00:53:45,990 --> 00:53:45,200
into nad

1417
00:53:53,829 --> 00:53:46,000
and

1418
00:53:55,910 --> 00:53:53,839
others that if nad goes up you should

1419
00:53:57,910 --> 00:53:55,920
get younger so this is one of the things

1420
00:53:59,589 --> 00:53:57,920
that i would like to test we can

1421
00:54:01,750 --> 00:53:59,599
actually measure aging now with these

1422
00:54:04,230 --> 00:54:01,760
epigenetic aging clocks

1423
00:54:06,230 --> 00:54:04,240
and we think one reason that our trial

1424
00:54:07,589 --> 00:54:06,240
showed aging reversal and people like

1425
00:54:09,030 --> 00:54:07,599
paul

1426
00:54:11,030 --> 00:54:09,040
is because

1427
00:54:13,109 --> 00:54:11,040
our treatment through immune

1428
00:54:15,829 --> 00:54:13,119
immunological mechanisms rather than

1429
00:54:18,470 --> 00:54:15,839
hyperbaric oxygenation mechanisms had

1430
00:54:20,549 --> 00:54:18,480
the same effect of increasing nad in the

1431
00:54:22,549 --> 00:54:20,559
body stores

1432
00:54:24,230 --> 00:54:22,559
what would happen if we could combine

1433
00:54:26,549 --> 00:54:24,240
that immunological mechanism with

1434
00:54:28,950 --> 00:54:26,559
another mechanism like hyperbaric

1435
00:54:30,870 --> 00:54:28,960
oxygenation it could be very exciting

1436
00:54:33,030 --> 00:54:30,880
so far as far as i know nobody has

1437
00:54:35,510 --> 00:54:33,040
pursued that idea or even thought of it

1438
00:54:36,870 --> 00:54:35,520
other than myself but

1439
00:54:39,109 --> 00:54:36,880
it's something that

1440
00:54:40,630 --> 00:54:39,119
we will learn more about as time goes

1441
00:54:42,870 --> 00:54:40,640
goes on

1442
00:54:44,870 --> 00:54:42,880
there's a another sort of home technique

1443
00:54:47,190 --> 00:54:44,880
for oxidation that i've i've come across

1444
00:54:49,109 --> 00:54:47,200
and run by greg who didn't pooh-pooh it

1445
00:54:50,390 --> 00:54:49,119
which is that you know we talk about

1446
00:54:52,390 --> 00:54:50,400
like breathing and how you need to

1447
00:54:54,549 --> 00:54:52,400
breathe a lot to get oxygen

1448
00:54:55,510 --> 00:54:54,559
but part of that process is that you

1449
00:54:58,470 --> 00:54:55,520
have to

1450
00:55:01,510 --> 00:54:58,480
get rid of the co2 and that for some

1451
00:55:04,309 --> 00:55:01,520
people breathing in too much oxygen too

1452
00:55:06,470 --> 00:55:04,319
fast can actually the process of

1453
00:55:09,510 --> 00:55:06,480
getting rid of the co2 so you

1454
00:55:10,630 --> 00:55:09,520
functionally have less less oxygen so

1455
00:55:13,349 --> 00:55:10,640
you know if you have the thought

1456
00:55:15,670 --> 00:55:13,359
experiment if you have a very overweight

1457
00:55:17,670 --> 00:55:15,680
person and an athlete and they run up a

1458
00:55:19,829 --> 00:55:17,680
couple flights of stairs what do you

1459
00:55:21,750 --> 00:55:19,839
expect them each to be like the one that

1460
00:55:24,390 --> 00:55:21,760
is very overweight you're thinking that

1461
00:55:28,150 --> 00:55:24,400
he's huffing and puffing but the athlete

1462
00:55:30,150 --> 00:55:28,160
who's finely tuned needs less oxygen so

1463
00:55:31,910 --> 00:55:30,160
it's no question that you need more

1464
00:55:34,390 --> 00:55:31,920
oxidation in the body

1465
00:55:37,510 --> 00:55:34,400
but because of the two-way circuit

1466
00:55:40,069 --> 00:55:37,520
it may be that a more regulated flow of

1467
00:55:41,910 --> 00:55:40,079
oxygen in the first place

1468
00:55:44,069 --> 00:55:41,920
may help actually with the overall

1469
00:55:45,829 --> 00:55:44,079
process

1470
00:55:47,030 --> 00:55:45,839
that's actually kind of interesting and

1471
00:55:49,990 --> 00:55:47,040
you know uh

1472
00:55:52,870 --> 00:55:50,000
depleting carbon dioxide levels too much

1473
00:55:56,870 --> 00:55:52,880
uh can actually cause vasoconstriction

1474
00:55:59,270 --> 00:55:56,880
in the brain so uh yeah as usual there

1475
00:56:01,750 --> 00:55:59,280
are complexities involved in everything

1476
00:56:04,069 --> 00:56:01,760
including this

1477
00:56:05,750 --> 00:56:04,079
there's some questions coming up on chat

1478
00:56:07,270 --> 00:56:05,760
and i can actually take calls a little

1479
00:56:09,510 --> 00:56:07,280
bit but um

1480
00:56:13,829 --> 00:56:09,520
i like this one in particular because

1481
00:56:19,349 --> 00:56:16,630
is there any anything i i know this is

1482
00:56:21,349 --> 00:56:19,359
probably totally separate but this uh

1483
00:56:23,589 --> 00:56:21,359
this iris saying how can i prevent my

1484
00:56:25,990 --> 00:56:23,599
hair from becoming gray i think that's a

1485
00:56:28,390 --> 00:56:26,000
great question um because that must be a

1486
00:56:30,950 --> 00:56:28,400
chemical change in your body that makes

1487
00:56:32,230 --> 00:56:30,960
something like this happen

1488
00:56:34,710 --> 00:56:32,240
well um

1489
00:56:37,349 --> 00:56:34,720
one thing that can cause hair to become

1490
00:56:39,109 --> 00:56:37,359
gray is a copper deficiency

1491
00:56:41,990 --> 00:56:39,119
so make sure you're not deficient in

1492
00:56:44,230 --> 00:56:42,000
copper that may help

1493
00:56:45,510 --> 00:56:44,240
another interesting observation of our

1494
00:56:49,030 --> 00:56:45,520
own study

1495
00:56:51,109 --> 00:56:49,040
in trim uh was that a couple of the guys

1496
00:56:53,510 --> 00:56:51,119
had their hair which was previously

1497
00:56:55,430 --> 00:56:53,520
white start growing in dark again

1498
00:56:56,390 --> 00:56:55,440
uh

1499
00:56:58,470 --> 00:56:56,400
yeah

1500
00:57:00,230 --> 00:56:58,480
there may be something about uh our

1501
00:57:01,109 --> 00:57:00,240
treatment that helps with that

1502
00:57:03,589 --> 00:57:01,119
wow

1503
00:57:05,750 --> 00:57:03,599
my brother was also in the initial trim

1504
00:57:09,109 --> 00:57:05,760
trial and is in this trial as well which

1505
00:57:10,710 --> 00:57:09,119
just ended and he uh felt that his hair

1506
00:57:12,470 --> 00:57:10,720
did get darker during the trial and his

1507
00:57:14,789 --> 00:57:12,480
wife uh confirmed it

1508
00:57:16,950 --> 00:57:14,799
wow yeah do we have some photographs

1509
00:57:18,950 --> 00:57:16,960
that we can pull together uh to prove

1510
00:57:21,990 --> 00:57:18,960
that paul yeah you think

1511
00:57:23,990 --> 00:57:22,000
i don't know if you can do it now

1512
00:57:26,630 --> 00:57:24,000
all you have to do is email them to me

1513
00:57:28,150 --> 00:57:26,640
if you haven't paul but um

1514
00:57:29,510 --> 00:57:28,160
one of the things i you do have to say

1515
00:57:30,950 --> 00:57:29,520
though too people have to be careful

1516
00:57:33,270 --> 00:57:30,960
about copper you can take too much

1517
00:57:35,910 --> 00:57:33,280
copper too and that can be sure very

1518
00:57:37,750 --> 00:57:35,920
careful that can be very bad yeah

1519
00:57:39,670 --> 00:57:37,760
yeah i'm glad you pointed that out i'm

1520
00:57:41,589 --> 00:57:39,680
glad you pointed that out yeah i hate

1521
00:57:42,630 --> 00:57:41,599
the idea of taking copper but i've had

1522
00:57:44,470 --> 00:57:42,640
to have a

1523
00:57:47,349 --> 00:57:44,480
another look at it lately because it

1524
00:57:49,109 --> 00:57:47,359
does have a lot of benefits so um

1525
00:57:51,109 --> 00:57:49,119
it's uh it's

1526
00:57:52,870 --> 00:57:51,119
it's something not to neglect yeah you

1527
00:57:55,030 --> 00:57:52,880
just have to take this the right amount

1528
00:57:57,190 --> 00:57:55,040
i love this question by the way just to

1529
00:58:00,230 --> 00:57:57,200
clarify that so what i understand is

1530
00:58:02,069 --> 00:58:00,240
that uh you get into trouble with 10

1531
00:58:05,990 --> 00:58:02,079
milligrams and above

1532
00:58:08,069 --> 00:58:06,000
but for perspective a normal day's

1533
00:58:09,990 --> 00:58:08,079
food intake will give you about 0.9

1534
00:58:11,910 --> 00:58:10,000
milligrams so

1535
00:58:13,910 --> 00:58:11,920
you have to eat about 10 times the the

1536
00:58:15,190 --> 00:58:13,920
normal intake before you start getting

1537
00:58:17,030 --> 00:58:15,200
into trouble

1538
00:58:18,710 --> 00:58:17,040
and i wouldn't recommend getting

1539
00:58:20,150 --> 00:58:18,720
anywhere near 10

1540
00:58:22,710 --> 00:58:20,160
but you know if you took a couple

1541
00:58:24,549 --> 00:58:22,720
milligrams a day or every other day you

1542
00:58:27,030 --> 00:58:24,559
ought to be safe

1543
00:58:28,710 --> 00:58:27,040
will it regrow hair too

1544
00:58:31,109 --> 00:58:28,720
well i don't know about that i don't

1545
00:58:33,190 --> 00:58:31,119
know about that but we have there are

1546
00:58:34,630 --> 00:58:33,200
drugs like rogaine that allegedly can

1547
00:58:37,510 --> 00:58:34,640
regrow hair

1548
00:58:39,430 --> 00:58:37,520
um yeah i know i'm just i'm just kind of

1549
00:58:40,950 --> 00:58:39,440
messing around here

1550
00:58:42,710 --> 00:58:40,960
paul do you

1551
00:58:45,589 --> 00:58:42,720
this is a great question

1552
00:58:47,510 --> 00:58:45,599
we know you test about at this point

1553
00:58:50,630 --> 00:58:47,520
about 10 years younger

1554
00:58:52,230 --> 00:58:50,640
do you feel younger

1555
00:58:53,270 --> 00:58:52,240
ah so

1556
00:58:55,109 --> 00:58:53,280
when we

1557
00:58:57,990 --> 00:58:55,119
kicked off the initial

1558
00:59:01,670 --> 00:58:58,000
trim trial at stanford

1559
00:59:04,230 --> 00:59:01,680
um it felt like a grand experiment and i

1560
00:59:06,230 --> 00:59:04,240
dubbed us the thyme knots and we're all

1561
00:59:08,630 --> 00:59:06,240
very excited because it was such an

1562
00:59:10,789 --> 00:59:08,640
impeccable presentation that greg put

1563
00:59:13,430 --> 00:59:10,799
together you know one of the

1564
00:59:15,109 --> 00:59:13,440
questions i had was okay you've shown a

1565
00:59:17,670 --> 00:59:15,119
very strong research base that the

1566
00:59:20,630 --> 00:59:17,680
thymus can be regenerated but how will

1567
00:59:22,789 --> 00:59:20,640
the overall signal pathway function

1568
00:59:24,549 --> 00:59:22,799
for the first time in history the thymus

1569
00:59:26,630 --> 00:59:24,559
is back online will the rest of the

1570
00:59:28,789 --> 00:59:26,640
components know and say hey guys the

1571
00:59:30,950 --> 00:59:28,799
thymus is back online let's go and it

1572
00:59:32,789 --> 00:59:30,960
turns out that it is the case so we're

1573
00:59:35,589 --> 00:59:32,799
all very excited when greg answered all

1574
00:59:38,069 --> 00:59:35,599
these questions and our group was

1575
00:59:40,150 --> 00:59:38,079
emailing everybody and some of the other

1576
00:59:42,950 --> 00:59:40,160
fellows in the experiment were saying i

1577
00:59:46,470 --> 00:59:42,960
feel like i was like i'm 18 again this

1578
00:59:49,670 --> 00:59:46,480
is fantastic and i sheepishly emailed to

1579
00:59:51,829 --> 00:59:49,680
greg saying uh greg i really don't feel

1580
00:59:52,789 --> 00:59:51,839
any different i don't know if this is

1581
00:59:54,789 --> 00:59:52,799
working

1582
00:59:56,789 --> 00:59:54,799
and greg emailed me back and he said

1583
00:59:58,630 --> 00:59:56,799
well you're in pretty good health poll

1584
01:00:01,990 --> 00:59:58,640
so you're probably not going to feel

1585
01:00:03,510 --> 01:00:02,000
much different and indeed i really

1586
01:00:05,430 --> 01:00:03,520
haven't felt it's not really so much

1587
01:00:07,109 --> 01:00:05,440
about vim and vigor it's about not

1588
01:00:08,150 --> 01:00:07,119
getting sick and sort of internal

1589
01:00:10,789 --> 01:00:08,160
components

1590
01:00:11,589 --> 01:00:10,799
so as i mentioned before it's it's hard

1591
01:00:13,829 --> 01:00:11,599
to

1592
01:00:15,750 --> 01:00:13,839
pinpoint cause and effect when you're

1593
01:00:18,549 --> 01:00:15,760
doing a lot of things for your health

1594
01:00:21,190 --> 01:00:18,559
but i really don't feel different i feel

1595
01:00:23,109 --> 01:00:21,200
less sick i don't get sick very much

1596
01:00:25,190 --> 01:00:23,119
uh but um

1597
01:00:27,589 --> 01:00:25,200
i don't i can't say that i

1598
01:00:31,270 --> 01:00:27,599
feel a lot different which is not really

1599
01:00:33,910 --> 01:00:31,280
the the the primary thrust but um

1600
01:00:36,549 --> 01:00:33,920
but in a in a way in a way it is paul

1601
01:00:39,430 --> 01:00:36,559
because if you had not been maintaining

1602
01:00:42,470 --> 01:00:39,440
the same age uh or or less

1603
01:00:44,870 --> 01:00:42,480
for the last five years you might feel

1604
01:00:46,069 --> 01:00:44,880
worse yeah there you go yeah so it's

1605
01:00:48,549 --> 01:00:46,079
it's not just a matter of whether you

1606
01:00:51,510 --> 01:00:48,559
feel better but not feeling worse is

1607
01:00:52,789 --> 01:00:51,520
uh pretty positive as well

1608
01:00:55,190 --> 01:00:52,799
yeah wow

1609
01:00:56,710 --> 01:00:55,200
yeah that that's uh yeah you you may

1610
01:00:59,109 --> 01:00:56,720
have been really sick right now if you

1611
01:01:00,150 --> 01:00:59,119
didn't do any of that so speaking of

1612
01:01:01,910 --> 01:01:00,160
health

1613
01:01:03,670 --> 01:01:01,920
what kind of if someone wants to get

1614
01:01:05,829 --> 01:01:03,680
into your trial and and one of the

1615
01:01:07,829 --> 01:01:05,839
questions i keep forgetting to ask what

1616
01:01:10,309 --> 01:01:07,839
is t-r-i-i-m

1617
01:01:11,750 --> 01:01:10,319
hold that question first i want to know

1618
01:01:13,190 --> 01:01:11,760
what type of

1619
01:01:15,030 --> 01:01:13,200
um

1620
01:01:16,150 --> 01:01:15,040
what type of person can get into your

1621
01:01:16,870 --> 01:01:16,160
trials

1622
01:01:18,710 --> 01:01:16,880
and

1623
01:01:20,150 --> 01:01:18,720
how what type of physical shape do they

1624
01:01:21,589 --> 01:01:20,160
need to be in and what type of testing

1625
01:01:23,670 --> 01:01:21,599
do they have to have

1626
01:01:26,309 --> 01:01:23,680
sure before i answer that question i'll

1627
01:01:28,549 --> 01:01:26,319
just note uh parenthetically that

1628
01:01:31,270 --> 01:01:28,559
my cell phone tells me that it's near

1629
01:01:33,829 --> 01:01:31,280
the end of its battery life here i'm not

1630
01:01:39,910 --> 01:01:36,829
for a discussion on

1631
01:01:42,390 --> 01:01:39,920
extension yeah yeah i need to extend the

1632
01:01:44,630 --> 01:01:42,400
battery life your battery life yeah you

1633
01:01:48,789 --> 01:01:44,640
need to uh you need to put that in the

1634
01:01:54,150 --> 01:01:50,870
whatever time i have available here so

1635
01:01:56,230 --> 01:01:54,160
um trim stands for thymus regeneration

1636
01:01:57,589 --> 01:01:56,240
immuno restoration and insulin

1637
01:01:59,430 --> 01:01:57,599
mitigation

1638
01:02:01,910 --> 01:01:59,440
so the purpose of the trials was to

1639
01:02:04,150 --> 01:02:01,920
regrow the thymus and restore immune

1640
01:02:06,390 --> 01:02:04,160
system function without elevating

1641
01:02:09,109 --> 01:02:06,400
insulin because insulin goes up with

1642
01:02:10,630 --> 01:02:09,119
aging and it's a pro aging factor it's a

1643
01:02:12,470 --> 01:02:10,640
side effect of growth hormone so we

1644
01:02:15,670 --> 01:02:12,480
wanted to block that

1645
01:02:17,190 --> 01:02:15,680
so the uh answer to the second question

1646
01:02:18,230 --> 01:02:17,200
which is what does it take to get into

1647
01:02:20,150 --> 01:02:18,240
the trial

1648
01:02:22,069 --> 01:02:20,160
you have to be generally reasonably

1649
01:02:24,069 --> 01:02:22,079
healthy uh if you're gonna die of a

1650
01:02:25,750 --> 01:02:24,079
heart attack in five minutes it's

1651
01:02:27,430 --> 01:02:25,760
useless for us to put you in the trial

1652
01:02:28,789 --> 01:02:27,440
because you're gonna make us look bad

1653
01:02:30,630 --> 01:02:28,799
and we're not gonna learn anything from

1654
01:02:34,150 --> 01:02:30,640
you because you won't finish it

1655
01:02:36,789 --> 01:02:34,160
uh but if you're in reasonable condition

1656
01:02:39,190 --> 01:02:36,799
then you can get in

1657
01:02:40,309 --> 01:02:39,200
the the main exclusion is

1658
01:02:42,549 --> 01:02:40,319
having a

1659
01:02:43,990 --> 01:02:42,559
high risk of cancer because we're giving

1660
01:02:46,309 --> 01:02:44,000
you a bunch of growth

1661
01:02:47,990 --> 01:02:46,319
factors and if you have cancer already

1662
01:02:49,349 --> 01:02:48,000
we don't want to make it worse by making

1663
01:02:52,069 --> 01:02:49,359
it grow fast

1664
01:02:53,270 --> 01:02:52,079
so if you're if you have ever had cancer

1665
01:02:56,150 --> 01:02:53,280
in the past

1666
01:02:59,029 --> 01:02:56,160
we we actually can make exceptions if

1667
01:03:01,510 --> 01:02:59,039
you've had sun induced skin cancer only

1668
01:03:03,190 --> 01:03:01,520
that has been removed you know a few

1669
01:03:05,349 --> 01:03:03,200
years ago and you haven't had any

1670
01:03:07,910 --> 01:03:05,359
recurrence that's not something we we

1671
01:03:09,829 --> 01:03:07,920
consider to be an actual intrinsic

1672
01:03:11,750 --> 01:03:09,839
cancer risk that you have but if you're

1673
01:03:14,230 --> 01:03:11,760
genetically predisposed to develop

1674
01:03:17,270 --> 01:03:14,240
cancer or if everyone in your family has

1675
01:03:18,950 --> 01:03:17,280
died of cancer uh or if you've had you

1676
01:03:20,470 --> 01:03:18,960
know cancer several times in the past

1677
01:03:22,549 --> 01:03:20,480
and it's not just skin cancer it's

1678
01:03:24,710 --> 01:03:22,559
something more serious we're just not

1679
01:03:26,789 --> 01:03:24,720
going to take the risk on you we don't

1680
01:03:27,750 --> 01:03:26,799
want to do any harm to anybody in the

1681
01:03:28,870 --> 01:03:27,760
trial

1682
01:03:31,829 --> 01:03:28,880
um

1683
01:03:34,150 --> 01:03:31,839
the fda has prevented us from enrolling

1684
01:03:36,230 --> 01:03:34,160
people who have type 2 diabetes

1685
01:03:38,549 --> 01:03:36,240
uh and that's reasonable because we're

1686
01:03:40,390 --> 01:03:38,559
going to make you more like a type 2

1687
01:03:42,069 --> 01:03:40,400
diabetic and if you're already a type 2

1688
01:03:45,190 --> 01:03:42,079
but diabetic it's going to be harder for

1689
01:03:46,630 --> 01:03:45,200
us to overcome that uh and so uh we

1690
01:03:48,390 --> 01:03:46,640
can't let you in

1691
01:03:50,549 --> 01:03:48,400
uh but

1692
01:03:52,470 --> 01:03:50,559
pardon me what about type one

1693
01:03:54,470 --> 01:03:52,480
type one uh

1694
01:03:56,470 --> 01:03:54,480
is theoretically okay

1695
01:03:59,430 --> 01:03:56,480
it's theoretically okay because you can

1696
01:04:00,549 --> 01:03:59,440
be controlled on type one i see

1697
01:04:02,710 --> 01:04:00,559
interesting

1698
01:04:04,390 --> 01:04:02,720
yeah so i kind of interrupted you there

1699
01:04:06,789 --> 01:04:04,400
if you want to keep one of the things

1700
01:04:08,230 --> 01:04:06,799
martin to mention is that um you know

1701
01:04:10,390 --> 01:04:08,240
people can come to the website i'm now

1702
01:04:12,549 --> 01:04:10,400
the cfo of the company uh working with

1703
01:04:15,349 --> 01:04:12,559
greg and bobby our ceo

1704
01:04:16,789 --> 01:04:15,359
um you know it's intervene immune.com

1705
01:04:18,870 --> 01:04:16,799
where they can learn more information

1706
01:04:20,069 --> 01:04:18,880
and see steve horvath also who you

1707
01:04:21,670 --> 01:04:20,079
mentioned

1708
01:04:23,990 --> 01:04:21,680
one of the things it's it's not

1709
01:04:26,789 --> 01:04:24,000
something to do lightly

1710
01:04:28,789 --> 01:04:26,799
i think it's overwhelmingly positive and

1711
01:04:31,349 --> 01:04:28,799
greg knows i'm the biggest poster boy

1712
01:04:33,430 --> 01:04:31,359
there is for this but it is a commitment

1713
01:04:36,230 --> 01:04:33,440
because it is to really do it right it's

1714
01:04:38,630 --> 01:04:36,240
a year-long program where you

1715
01:04:40,309 --> 01:04:38,640
not you know no major life changes but

1716
01:04:42,549 --> 01:04:40,319
you have to be conscientious about the

1717
01:04:44,069 --> 01:04:42,559
program so it's not just like adding a

1718
01:04:45,349 --> 01:04:44,079
new supplement every morning it's a bit

1719
01:04:46,950 --> 01:04:45,359
more involved

1720
01:04:48,549 --> 01:04:46,960
but it's

1721
01:04:50,069 --> 01:04:48,559
like like i mentioned you have the

1722
01:04:51,750 --> 01:04:50,079
benefit of having

1723
01:04:52,710 --> 01:04:51,760
one of the best medical minds in the

1724
01:04:55,190 --> 01:04:52,720
world

1725
01:04:58,710 --> 01:04:55,200
dissect your case with csi like

1726
01:05:01,589 --> 01:04:58,720
precision and give you the road map to

1727
01:05:03,430 --> 01:05:01,599
lifetime escape velocity

1728
01:05:05,670 --> 01:05:03,440
yeah yeah it does take commitment you

1729
01:05:08,390 --> 01:05:05,680
have to inject yourself with uh you know

1730
01:05:10,470 --> 01:05:08,400
growth from one four times a week uh you

1731
01:05:13,670 --> 01:05:10,480
have to have certain

1732
01:05:16,630 --> 01:05:13,680
uh meals you know that you standardize

1733
01:05:18,789 --> 01:05:16,640
before you get your blood drawn

1734
01:05:20,150 --> 01:05:18,799
so there are

1735
01:05:21,750 --> 01:05:20,160
certain things you have to do in order

1736
01:05:23,270 --> 01:05:21,760
to be in the trial certain behavioral

1737
01:05:24,870 --> 01:05:23,280
things that you have to be

1738
01:05:27,109 --> 01:05:24,880
in touch with

1739
01:05:28,230 --> 01:05:27,119
but overall you do learn a lot about

1740
01:05:30,470 --> 01:05:28,240
yourself

1741
01:05:32,870 --> 01:05:30,480
and ultimately we will learn a lot about

1742
01:05:34,950 --> 01:05:32,880
how to deal with aging in general so we

1743
01:05:37,589 --> 01:05:34,960
certainly welcome anyone in who's

1744
01:05:39,510 --> 01:05:37,599
interested in this study and it's really

1745
01:05:41,670 --> 01:05:39,520
one of the few things i've come across

1746
01:05:44,069 --> 01:05:41,680
that has demonstrable results and greg i

1747
01:05:46,710 --> 01:05:44,079
mentioned the publication in aging cell

1748
01:05:49,910 --> 01:05:46,720
magazine yeah we've got clear-cut

1749
01:05:52,789 --> 01:05:49,920
results that greg has shown both in that

1750
01:05:54,710 --> 01:05:52,799
article and at numerous conferences

1751
01:05:56,069 --> 01:05:54,720
so what do you see for um we can

1752
01:05:58,230 --> 01:05:56,079
probably just wrap this up while you

1753
01:05:59,190 --> 01:05:58,240
have battery left here so what do you

1754
01:06:00,789 --> 01:05:59,200
see

1755
01:06:03,029 --> 01:06:00,799
for the future

1756
01:06:05,270 --> 01:06:03,039
i mean this is exciting i'd consider

1757
01:06:08,069 --> 01:06:05,280
this being on the ground floor

1758
01:06:10,870 --> 01:06:08,079
uh what do you think's the future i mean

1759
01:06:13,430 --> 01:06:10,880
the way thing we develop the way we um

1760
01:06:15,670 --> 01:06:13,440
you know science changes all the time i

1761
01:06:18,390 --> 01:06:15,680
understand we know so much more about

1762
01:06:20,230 --> 01:06:18,400
the brain than we did just 10 years ago

1763
01:06:23,109 --> 01:06:20,240
you know we've made we make leaps and

1764
01:06:24,230 --> 01:06:23,119
bounds um and i think aging is important

1765
01:06:26,150 --> 01:06:24,240
enough where there's going to be a lot

1766
01:06:28,710 --> 01:06:26,160
of people that are going to want to

1767
01:06:30,710 --> 01:06:28,720
invest a lot of money if it looks

1768
01:06:33,029 --> 01:06:30,720
promising

1769
01:06:35,589 --> 01:06:33,039
yes so there are uh

1770
01:06:38,630 --> 01:06:35,599
many exciting developments coming along

1771
01:06:40,950 --> 01:06:38,640
nad therapy the trim treatment

1772
01:06:41,910 --> 01:06:40,960
uh plasma dilution

1773
01:06:44,230 --> 01:06:41,920
uh

1774
01:06:46,789 --> 01:06:44,240
all kinds of stuff coming along maybe

1775
01:06:48,230 --> 01:06:46,799
hyperbaric oxygenation if that works out

1776
01:06:50,630 --> 01:06:48,240
maybe some of these other things that we

1777
01:06:53,109 --> 01:06:50,640
talked about like

1778
01:06:55,910 --> 01:06:53,119
alpha ketoglutarate who knows about that

1779
01:06:57,430 --> 01:06:55,920
uh we're going to be starting to combine

1780
01:07:00,470 --> 01:06:57,440
these things there's also a treatment

1781
01:07:03,190 --> 01:07:00,480
called e5 or it used to be called elixir

1782
01:07:06,069 --> 01:07:03,200
which has radical anti-aging effects in

1783
01:07:07,829 --> 01:07:06,079
rodents and uh i'm friends with the

1784
01:07:09,910 --> 01:07:07,839
people that are promulgating that and we

1785
01:07:11,510 --> 01:07:09,920
would love to combine our treatment with

1786
01:07:12,549 --> 01:07:11,520
their treatment at some point to see if

1787
01:07:14,630 --> 01:07:12,559
we can

1788
01:07:15,990 --> 01:07:14,640
rejuvenate people even better than we

1789
01:07:18,470 --> 01:07:16,000
already have

1790
01:07:21,109 --> 01:07:18,480
so i i think that the one beautiful

1791
01:07:22,950 --> 01:07:21,119
thing is that also synalytic therapy

1792
01:07:23,910 --> 01:07:22,960
getting rid of these so-called zombie

1793
01:07:26,710 --> 01:07:23,920
cells

1794
01:07:28,710 --> 01:07:26,720
you know in life you know in in

1795
01:07:30,549 --> 01:07:28,720
rodent models if you kill off the zombie

1796
01:07:32,150 --> 01:07:30,559
cells the animals get healthier and live

1797
01:07:34,710 --> 01:07:32,160
40 longer

1798
01:07:36,789 --> 01:07:34,720
so all of these things the beauty of

1799
01:07:39,029 --> 01:07:36,799
them is that they're they're compatible

1800
01:07:41,430 --> 01:07:39,039
with each other none of them are a

1801
01:07:43,349 --> 01:07:41,440
contradiction to any of the others that

1802
01:07:44,870 --> 01:07:43,359
means that they may be additive we may

1803
01:07:45,990 --> 01:07:44,880
be able to do all of these things at the

1804
01:07:48,470 --> 01:07:46,000
same time

1805
01:07:50,950 --> 01:07:48,480
and just really have a totally profound

1806
01:07:52,390 --> 01:07:50,960
effect on aging and and this is not

1807
01:07:53,829 --> 01:07:52,400
something in the distant future i'm

1808
01:07:55,670 --> 01:07:53,839
talking about things that have already

1809
01:07:58,150 --> 01:07:55,680
been seen already been

1810
01:08:00,390 --> 01:07:58,160
learned already been demonstrated

1811
01:08:01,589 --> 01:08:00,400
what has not been done is to see what

1812
01:08:02,789 --> 01:08:01,599
happens when you put these things

1813
01:08:05,589 --> 01:08:02,799
together

1814
01:08:07,349 --> 01:08:05,599
so i'm very very excited about that and

1815
01:08:09,510 --> 01:08:07,359
as i said we're developing new

1816
01:08:11,670 --> 01:08:09,520
diagnostics also so we can investigate

1817
01:08:14,390 --> 01:08:11,680
how well these things work more easily

1818
01:08:15,990 --> 01:08:14,400
more comprehensively and more palpably

1819
01:08:17,590 --> 01:08:16,000
you know in a more

1820
01:08:23,269 --> 01:08:17,600
uh

1821
01:08:25,349 --> 01:08:23,279
the near future is going to be very

1822
01:08:27,910 --> 01:08:25,359
exciting next five or ten years

1823
01:08:28,709 --> 01:08:27,920
uh should really be uh game changing i

1824
01:08:31,349 --> 01:08:28,719
think

1825
01:08:32,950 --> 01:08:31,359
and congratulating my permission can you

1826
01:08:34,070 --> 01:08:32,960
uh for the benefit of the listeners or

1827
01:08:36,070 --> 01:08:34,080
the viewers

1828
01:08:37,990 --> 01:08:36,080
characterize the results i had to make

1829
01:08:39,829 --> 01:08:38,000
them sort of concrete so people can know

1830
01:08:42,390 --> 01:08:39,839
what they might expect if they join our

1831
01:08:45,749 --> 01:08:42,400
trial which they can do john burbridge

1832
01:08:47,510 --> 01:08:45,759
by coming to intervene immune.com

1833
01:08:49,749 --> 01:08:47,520
yes so uh

1834
01:08:51,590 --> 01:08:49,759
paul's i have to review your case in

1835
01:08:53,189 --> 01:08:51,600
more detail with some of the endpoints

1836
01:08:55,430 --> 01:08:53,199
paul but uh

1837
01:08:58,550 --> 01:08:55,440
but paul took his grimage back i think

1838
01:09:00,870 --> 01:08:58,560
around 11 years so you know in our study

1839
01:09:02,309 --> 01:09:00,880
we published that on average people were

1840
01:09:04,390 --> 01:09:02,319
one and a half years younger at the end

1841
01:09:06,470 --> 01:09:04,400
of the trial than at the beginning

1842
01:09:08,709 --> 01:09:06,480
but paul but that's an average right so

1843
01:09:09,990 --> 01:09:08,719
some people didn't do quite as well and

1844
01:09:12,149 --> 01:09:10,000
there are a few people that did really

1845
01:09:13,510 --> 01:09:12,159
outstandingly so paul is one of those

1846
01:09:15,829 --> 01:09:13,520
people that just kicked it out of the

1847
01:09:18,390 --> 01:09:15,839
park i think he went back 11 years by

1848
01:09:20,630 --> 01:09:18,400
grim age which is awesome but he also

1849
01:09:22,870 --> 01:09:20,640
went back by about 11 age in terms of

1850
01:09:24,550 --> 01:09:22,880
this plasma pheno age clock

1851
01:09:26,470 --> 01:09:24,560
and then we checked him four and a half

1852
01:09:28,390 --> 01:09:26,480
years later

1853
01:09:29,990 --> 01:09:28,400
and he was a little older by that clock

1854
01:09:31,510 --> 01:09:30,000
but he was still four years younger than

1855
01:09:33,829 --> 01:09:31,520
he would have been if he had not

1856
01:09:35,669 --> 01:09:33,839
participated in the original trial and

1857
01:09:37,990 --> 01:09:35,679
then he went on the trim x and added

1858
01:09:40,950 --> 01:09:38,000
another five years on top of that

1859
01:09:42,789 --> 01:09:40,960
so uh paul has done quite well in it and

1860
01:09:44,789 --> 01:09:42,799
currently at least based on the plasma

1861
01:09:46,789 --> 01:09:44,799
pinot age which is the only one we can

1862
01:09:48,870 --> 01:09:46,799
measure on the fly the other ones we

1863
01:09:51,110 --> 01:09:48,880
have to wait until the treatment is over

1864
01:09:52,709 --> 01:09:51,120
to to get a measurement but uh

1865
01:09:55,270 --> 01:09:52,719
based on that one clock that we can

1866
01:09:57,510 --> 01:09:55,280
measure on the fly paul is now younger

1867
01:09:59,910 --> 01:09:57,520
biologically than he was

1868
01:10:02,470 --> 01:09:59,920
basically five and a half years ago

1869
01:10:04,390 --> 01:10:02,480
uh whereas five and a half years ago he

1870
01:10:06,229 --> 01:10:04,400
was biologically three years older than

1871
01:10:07,990 --> 01:10:06,239
his chronological age

1872
01:10:10,070 --> 01:10:08,000
so you know we've actually pulled him

1873
01:10:12,470 --> 01:10:10,080
back in time quite a bit

1874
01:10:15,030 --> 01:10:12,480
and so uh if we can do that for paul we

1875
01:10:17,350 --> 01:10:15,040
can do that for others as well uh so i

1876
01:10:19,350 --> 01:10:17,360
think uh there's a lot of exciting

1877
01:10:20,790 --> 01:10:19,360
things that that we can that we can look

1878
01:10:22,950 --> 01:10:20,800
forward to

1879
01:10:23,910 --> 01:10:22,960
right now one thing i i do have to ask

1880
01:10:28,070 --> 01:10:23,920
you

1881
01:10:29,110 --> 01:10:28,080
and like my father my father was six

1882
01:10:31,189 --> 01:10:29,120
foot two

1883
01:10:32,709 --> 01:10:31,199
by the time he was 80 years old he was

1884
01:10:35,350 --> 01:10:32,719
about my height

1885
01:10:36,470 --> 01:10:35,360
um which is several inches shorter

1886
01:10:38,870 --> 01:10:36,480
yeah

1887
01:10:39,830 --> 01:10:38,880
so what about that the type of you know

1888
01:10:45,350 --> 01:10:39,840
the

1889
01:10:47,510 --> 01:10:45,360
way to i mean

1890
01:10:50,149 --> 01:10:47,520
you could maybe live longer but do you

1891
01:10:52,390 --> 01:10:50,159
get to every cell of the body

1892
01:10:54,070 --> 01:10:52,400
you do because growth hormone goes

1893
01:10:56,950 --> 01:10:54,080
everywhere it touches virtually

1894
01:10:58,390 --> 01:10:56,960
everything dhea goes everywhere touches

1895
01:11:00,950 --> 01:10:58,400
all kinds of things

1896
01:11:02,870 --> 01:11:00,960
metformin will improve the general

1897
01:11:03,990 --> 01:11:02,880
milieu in your body which is our third

1898
01:11:06,790 --> 01:11:04,000
component

1899
01:11:08,470 --> 01:11:06,800
by preventing insulin uh insensitivity

1900
01:11:09,510 --> 01:11:08,480
from developing which affects almost

1901
01:11:10,310 --> 01:11:09,520
everything

1902
01:11:12,310 --> 01:11:10,320
so

1903
01:11:13,830 --> 01:11:12,320
but and those are their separate effects

1904
01:11:15,669 --> 01:11:13,840
when you put them together there's going

1905
01:11:16,550 --> 01:11:15,679
to be synergy right

1906
01:11:19,350 --> 01:11:16,560
so

1907
01:11:21,750 --> 01:11:19,360
uh i think what we're looking at is

1908
01:11:25,350 --> 01:11:21,760
arresting those processes that you're

1909
01:11:27,110 --> 01:11:25,360
talking about so why do we get shorter

1910
01:11:29,110 --> 01:11:27,120
as we get older it's because we don't

1911
01:11:30,550 --> 01:11:29,120
have growth hormone if we put growth

1912
01:11:32,870 --> 01:11:30,560
hormone back in we're going to stop

1913
01:11:34,950 --> 01:11:32,880
getting shorter because we're going to

1914
01:11:37,430 --> 01:11:34,960
reverse that process of not you know

1915
01:11:39,189 --> 01:11:37,440
sort of anti-growth you might say

1916
01:11:42,070 --> 01:11:39,199
that's why little old ladies are little

1917
01:11:43,669 --> 01:11:42,080
and old and lady you know i mean they're

1918
01:11:45,830 --> 01:11:43,679
they're little because they're shrinking

1919
01:11:47,750 --> 01:11:45,840
because they're losing bone mass and

1920
01:11:49,750 --> 01:11:47,760
muscle mass and everything else

1921
01:11:51,990 --> 01:11:49,760
and if you extrapolate that forward of

1922
01:11:55,270 --> 01:11:52,000
course you can't achieve a body mass of

1923
01:11:57,910 --> 01:11:55,280
zero and stay alive so if we stop that

1924
01:12:01,510 --> 01:11:57,920
by sort of rebuilding the body instead

1925
01:12:02,790 --> 01:12:01,520
of letting it go downhill uh we're

1926
01:12:05,270 --> 01:12:02,800
likely to have

1927
01:12:07,910 --> 01:12:05,280
a better outcome

1928
01:12:09,990 --> 01:12:07,920
but can you reverse everything we don't

1929
01:12:11,510 --> 01:12:10,000
know for so for example if you have very

1930
01:12:13,590 --> 01:12:11,520
bad arthritis

1931
01:12:16,550 --> 01:12:13,600
and your your joints are very gnarly and

1932
01:12:18,310 --> 01:12:16,560
everything uh we may improve the health

1933
01:12:20,070 --> 01:12:18,320
of those joints we may prevent them from

1934
01:12:21,430 --> 01:12:20,080
getting worse but whether we can

1935
01:12:23,030 --> 01:12:21,440
actually reverse

1936
01:12:24,630 --> 01:12:23,040
you know bone

1937
01:12:25,910 --> 01:12:24,640
overgrowth that's a different story

1938
01:12:26,630 --> 01:12:25,920
maybe not

1939
01:12:31,030 --> 01:12:26,640
but

1940
01:12:33,110 --> 01:12:31,040
does is it regenerates cartilage so why

1941
01:12:35,830 --> 01:12:33,120
do your joints get so bad in the first

1942
01:12:38,229 --> 01:12:35,840
place uh it's related at least to the

1943
01:12:41,990 --> 01:12:38,239
destruction of the cartilage uh in in

1944
01:12:44,470 --> 01:12:42,000
the joint uh area and if your cartilage

1945
01:12:46,709 --> 01:12:44,480
was preserved by for example taking

1946
01:12:48,470 --> 01:12:46,719
growth hormone uh you may never get

1947
01:12:51,270 --> 01:12:48,480
gnarly in the first place so that's

1948
01:12:53,270 --> 01:12:51,280
that's what we want to do

1949
01:12:55,669 --> 01:12:53,280
interesting wow uh

1950
01:12:57,750 --> 01:12:55,679
and let's see there was a question

1951
01:12:59,910 --> 01:12:57,760
someone wanted to know here it is uh is

1952
01:13:02,390 --> 01:12:59,920
there an age demographic like

1953
01:13:05,030 --> 01:13:02,400
for instance if you're over 60 don't

1954
01:13:07,270 --> 01:13:05,040
bother i mean does that does that does

1955
01:13:09,990 --> 01:13:07,280
that happen i mean do you have not

1956
01:13:11,189 --> 01:13:10,000
that's a really great question uh

1957
01:13:15,110 --> 01:13:11,199
so

1958
01:13:16,709 --> 01:13:15,120
on the on the chance that we have very

1959
01:13:17,669 --> 01:13:16,719
little time left i'll just give you the

1960
01:13:19,750 --> 01:13:17,679
most

1961
01:13:20,950 --> 01:13:19,760
punchy answer to that question

1962
01:13:23,990 --> 01:13:20,960
to start with

1963
01:13:27,110 --> 01:13:24,000
and that is every cell in your body

1964
01:13:29,189 --> 01:13:27,120
still remembers how to be young

1965
01:13:31,110 --> 01:13:29,199
all you have to do is remind it

1966
01:13:33,830 --> 01:13:31,120
and so we know this because you can take

1967
01:13:36,149 --> 01:13:33,840
any cell in your body even if it's 85

1968
01:13:39,270 --> 01:13:36,159
and turn it back into a 20 year old cell

1969
01:13:41,590 --> 01:13:39,280
in 24 hours by just adjusting gene

1970
01:13:43,990 --> 01:13:41,600
expression in that cell that's been done

1971
01:13:47,430 --> 01:13:44,000
at harvard in a way that uh you know

1972
01:13:49,510 --> 01:13:47,440
took an 81 year old skin cell or so and

1973
01:13:52,550 --> 01:13:49,520
took it back to a 20 year old skin cell

1974
01:13:53,350 --> 01:13:52,560
24 hours just by changing one gene

1975
01:13:56,149 --> 01:13:53,360
so

1976
01:13:59,270 --> 01:13:56,159
it's never too late in that sense

1977
01:14:01,910 --> 01:13:59,280
you have the same genes at 80 or beyond

1978
01:14:03,669 --> 01:14:01,920
that you had when you were 12 or or

1979
01:14:06,229 --> 01:14:03,679
younger it's just a matter of teaching

1980
01:14:08,070 --> 01:14:06,239
your body how to use those genes again

1981
01:14:09,750 --> 01:14:08,080
but with respect now to something more

1982
01:14:11,510 --> 01:14:09,760
specific which would be

1983
01:14:14,470 --> 01:14:11,520
the treatment that paul has undergone

1984
01:14:16,470 --> 01:14:14,480
and that i myself am uh undergoing now

1985
01:14:18,470 --> 01:14:16,480
as a as an enrollee in my own trial

1986
01:14:20,550 --> 01:14:18,480
trimx

1987
01:14:22,310 --> 01:14:20,560
we think that this treatment is likely

1988
01:14:25,750 --> 01:14:22,320
to benefit people at least out to the

1989
01:14:27,669 --> 01:14:25,760
age of 80 or so based on animal studies

1990
01:14:29,590 --> 01:14:27,679
and actually one guy got into the

1991
01:14:33,030 --> 01:14:29,600
treatment into the trial at the age of

1992
01:14:34,390 --> 01:14:33,040
80 right before he turned 81 and he came

1993
01:14:36,390 --> 01:14:34,400
within a hair's breath being

1994
01:14:39,510 --> 01:14:36,400
disqualified because we have an 80 year

1995
01:14:41,990 --> 01:14:39,520
old cut off but he got in so he's now 81

1996
01:14:43,750 --> 01:14:42,000
he's been in the trial for a few months

1997
01:14:46,950 --> 01:14:43,760
and he's beating

1998
01:14:49,110 --> 01:14:46,960
uh other people in his age group at uh

1999
01:14:51,510 --> 01:14:49,120
these cross-country uh running meets

2000
01:14:53,669 --> 01:14:51,520
that he likes to participate in uh he's

2001
01:14:55,430 --> 01:14:53,679
he's beating his own personal best

2002
01:14:58,950 --> 01:14:55,440
records also now

2003
01:15:01,110 --> 01:14:58,960
uh and we had somebody else who was uh

2004
01:15:03,510 --> 01:15:01,120
not quite as old as that who increased

2005
01:15:05,350 --> 01:15:03,520
his muscle strength quite a bit just by

2006
01:15:08,149 --> 01:15:05,360
being in the in the trial

2007
01:15:10,790 --> 01:15:08,159
so um actually there was a 77 year old

2008
01:15:13,350 --> 01:15:10,800
woman whose uh epic whose at least

2009
01:15:14,229 --> 01:15:13,360
plasma athena wage went back five years

2010
01:15:15,910 --> 01:15:14,239
uh

2011
01:15:16,790 --> 01:15:15,920
very quickly after getting into the

2012
01:15:17,910 --> 01:15:16,800
trial

2013
01:15:22,310 --> 01:15:17,920
so

2014
01:15:23,590 --> 01:15:22,320
i would say don't give up hope there's

2015
01:15:25,750 --> 01:15:23,600
still hope

2016
01:15:27,910 --> 01:15:25,760
so martin that that was greg's punchy

2017
01:15:29,980 --> 01:15:27,920
answer like you said so just imagine his

2018
01:15:31,830 --> 01:15:29,990
non-punchy emails

2019
01:15:34,390 --> 01:15:31,840
[Laughter]

2020
01:15:36,070 --> 01:15:34,400
all right you could specify any age

2021
01:15:38,950 --> 01:15:36,080
minimum too

2022
01:15:41,510 --> 01:15:38,960
oh wow

2023
01:15:43,350 --> 01:15:41,520
presently our age minimum is 40.

2024
01:15:45,990 --> 01:15:43,360
i see we don't really think you need it

2025
01:15:48,229 --> 01:15:46,000
uh uh if you're younger than 40 although

2026
01:15:50,630 --> 01:15:48,239
people have inquired and maybe someday

2027
01:15:53,110 --> 01:15:50,640
we'll go there but um

2028
01:15:56,070 --> 01:15:53,120
i regenerated my own thymus in about a

2029
01:15:57,430 --> 01:15:56,080
month when i was 46 so i think uh if

2030
01:15:59,669 --> 01:15:57,440
you're in your 40s you're going to

2031
01:16:01,590 --> 01:15:59,679
respond pretty well and as long as you

2032
01:16:03,990 --> 01:16:01,600
can reverse things you don't have to

2033
01:16:06,149 --> 01:16:04,000
prevent them we i think prevention is

2034
01:16:08,070 --> 01:16:06,159
always good but since this is a new

2035
01:16:10,070 --> 01:16:08,080
treatment a new experimental thing that

2036
01:16:12,149 --> 01:16:10,080
we're doing we don't want to risk

2037
01:16:13,669 --> 01:16:12,159
people's uh health when they don't

2038
01:16:15,669 --> 01:16:13,679
really need it so

2039
01:16:18,709 --> 01:16:15,679
we've established a

2040
01:16:19,669 --> 01:16:18,719
a young age limit of 40 so far

2041
01:16:23,189 --> 01:16:19,679
okay

2042
01:16:27,189 --> 01:16:25,189
that we can regrow the thymus is to then

2043
01:16:28,229 --> 01:16:27,199
go on maintenance doses and keep it that

2044
01:16:30,310 --> 01:16:28,239
way

2045
01:16:31,350 --> 01:16:30,320
wow that that's that's really exciting

2046
01:16:33,830 --> 01:16:31,360
so yeah

2047
01:16:36,709 --> 01:16:33,840
cali kid said something weird down below

2048
01:16:38,870 --> 01:16:36,719
but anyway that's his question

2049
01:16:42,950 --> 01:16:38,880
uh dialys machines

2050
01:16:44,870 --> 01:16:42,960
what does that have any play in in

2051
01:16:47,750 --> 01:16:44,880
doing any of the work you're doing

2052
01:16:50,030 --> 01:16:47,760
dialysis machines yeah

2053
01:16:51,910 --> 01:16:50,040
no i think what he may be thinking of is

2054
01:16:53,350 --> 01:16:51,920
plasmophoresis machines which are a

2055
01:16:55,350 --> 01:16:53,360
little bit similar

2056
01:16:56,149 --> 01:16:55,360
so with dialysis they take your blood

2057
01:16:57,510 --> 01:16:56,159
out

2058
01:16:59,030 --> 01:16:57,520
uh they put it through an artificial

2059
01:17:00,310 --> 01:16:59,040
kidney and they put it back in and that

2060
01:17:01,510 --> 01:17:00,320
takes the poisons out of your

2061
01:17:03,669 --> 01:17:01,520
bloodstream

2062
01:17:06,470 --> 01:17:03,679
but with plasmapheresis you can take the

2063
01:17:08,709 --> 01:17:06,480
blood out of your body remove the plasma

2064
01:17:10,790 --> 01:17:08,719
throw it in the wastebasket replace it

2065
01:17:12,630 --> 01:17:10,800
with a salt solution and put that back

2066
01:17:14,310 --> 01:17:12,640
into your body and that's supposed to

2067
01:17:16,950 --> 01:17:14,320
rejuvenate you at least according to

2068
01:17:19,110 --> 01:17:16,960
irena convoy's study

2069
01:17:21,750 --> 01:17:19,120
i think that the human side of that has

2070
01:17:24,149 --> 01:17:21,760
not played out as well as we had hoped

2071
01:17:26,470 --> 01:17:24,159
uh it even her broden study was not

2072
01:17:28,630 --> 01:17:26,480
perfect but it did show a reversal of

2073
01:17:30,550 --> 01:17:28,640
certain features of brain aging and

2074
01:17:34,390 --> 01:17:30,560
obviously brain aging is very very

2075
01:17:36,350 --> 01:17:34,400
important so if we can capture a brain

2076
01:17:38,149 --> 01:17:36,360
de-aging benefit by

2077
01:17:39,430 --> 01:17:38,159
plasmophoresis that would be a good

2078
01:17:41,030 --> 01:17:39,440
thing to do

2079
01:17:43,990 --> 01:17:41,040
and one of the

2080
01:17:46,229 --> 01:17:44,000
unanticipated benefits of our trim

2081
01:17:48,149 --> 01:17:46,239
trials has been the effect on the

2082
01:17:50,870 --> 01:17:48,159
kidneys as well

2083
01:17:52,630 --> 01:17:50,880
oh how about that so we just lost him i

2084
01:17:54,709 --> 01:17:52,640
knew that that would happen because he

2085
01:17:56,950 --> 01:17:54,719
was making some sputtering noises

2086
01:17:59,030 --> 01:17:56,960
so is there an age limit to how many

2087
01:18:01,510 --> 01:17:59,040
years biological age can differ from

2088
01:18:02,950 --> 01:18:01,520
chronological age are you able to answer

2089
01:18:04,070 --> 01:18:02,960
that paul or

2090
01:18:05,270 --> 01:18:04,080
what's that

2091
01:18:07,750 --> 01:18:05,280
up too late

2092
01:18:10,070 --> 01:18:07,760
uh yeah i you know

2093
01:18:11,189 --> 01:18:10,080
i think that's a function of how old you

2094
01:18:16,950 --> 01:18:11,199
are

2095
01:18:19,110 --> 01:18:16,960
that disparity can get higher but like

2096
01:18:21,030 --> 01:18:19,120
greg said it really helps to start early

2097
01:18:23,910 --> 01:18:21,040
i think there's a certain amount of

2098
01:18:26,470 --> 01:18:23,920
reversal or repair that you can do

2099
01:18:28,870 --> 01:18:26,480
once you've already had that much aging

2100
01:18:29,830 --> 01:18:28,880
happen so i don't know of any specific

2101
01:18:31,350 --> 01:18:29,840
number but

2102
01:18:33,510 --> 01:18:31,360
i think there you know the underlying

2103
01:18:35,270 --> 01:18:33,520
message that greg said is that right now

2104
01:18:38,790 --> 01:18:35,280
our ceiling is 80

2105
01:18:41,110 --> 01:18:38,800
that may increase but if you're 80

2106
01:18:43,350 --> 01:18:41,120
at like greg said you know whatever age

2107
01:18:45,189 --> 01:18:43,360
you are all your cells know how to be

2108
01:18:46,950 --> 01:18:45,199
young that's a really kind of

2109
01:18:49,270 --> 01:18:46,960
inspirational message i hadn't heard

2110
01:18:51,030 --> 01:18:49,280
that before so that means that we just

2111
01:18:53,189 --> 01:18:51,040
need to find the right technique to

2112
01:18:54,950 --> 01:18:53,199
remind yourselves how to be young and

2113
01:18:57,350 --> 01:18:54,960
then that can produce a very large

2114
01:18:59,189 --> 01:18:57,360
disparity between your biological and

2115
01:19:01,189 --> 01:18:59,199
chronological age

2116
01:19:03,350 --> 01:19:01,199
so do you think there's a is there a

2117
01:19:05,830 --> 01:19:03,360
turning point let's talk about the

2118
01:19:07,510 --> 01:19:05,840
thymus itself is there a turning point

2119
01:19:08,390 --> 01:19:07,520
where it's just too late and that cannot

2120
01:19:10,709 --> 01:19:08,400
be

2121
01:19:11,990 --> 01:19:10,719
you know revitalized

2122
01:19:15,110 --> 01:19:12,000
well you know

2123
01:19:17,750 --> 01:19:15,120
greg mentioned 80 is our cutoff now and

2124
01:19:20,390 --> 01:19:17,760
that's not necessarily because

2125
01:19:22,470 --> 01:19:20,400
we don't think it will help after that

2126
01:19:24,790 --> 01:19:22,480
but when we're doing these trials

2127
01:19:26,390 --> 01:19:24,800
we're publishing the results so one of

2128
01:19:28,709 --> 01:19:26,400
the things one of the choices you have

2129
01:19:31,270 --> 01:19:28,719
to make is that you really want people

2130
01:19:34,229 --> 01:19:31,280
that you think will respond quite well

2131
01:19:35,990 --> 01:19:34,239
and i think the older you get past 80

2132
01:19:38,149 --> 01:19:36,000
there's other factors that come into

2133
01:19:39,910 --> 01:19:38,159
play where it's just not so much under

2134
01:19:41,910 --> 01:19:39,920
control but

2135
01:19:44,709 --> 01:19:41,920
you know if somebody were to come to us

2136
01:19:46,229 --> 01:19:44,719
let's say they're 83 or 84 with very

2137
01:19:48,390 --> 01:19:46,239
strong health i think we would still

2138
01:19:50,070 --> 01:19:48,400
consider them and and there's also

2139
01:19:52,550 --> 01:19:50,080
things they can do on their own without

2140
01:19:54,149 --> 01:19:52,560
being an official participant in the

2141
01:19:55,830 --> 01:19:54,159
trim trial you know there's a lot of

2142
01:19:58,149 --> 01:19:55,840
things like nad and metformin that

2143
01:19:59,669 --> 01:19:58,159
people can do on their own

2144
01:20:01,510 --> 01:19:59,679
with the supervision of their own

2145
01:20:02,310 --> 01:20:01,520
physician

2146
01:20:04,390 --> 01:20:02,320
so

2147
01:20:06,870 --> 01:20:04,400
in wrapping this up paul

2148
01:20:08,629 --> 01:20:06,880
is for the average listener out there

2149
01:20:11,110 --> 01:20:08,639
someone that is not willing to

2150
01:20:12,709 --> 01:20:11,120
participate in the trial or or can't i

2151
01:20:15,270 --> 01:20:12,719
know there's a little bit of a cost to

2152
01:20:17,270 --> 01:20:15,280
it but for the average person out there

2153
01:20:19,270 --> 01:20:17,280
if you were to give advice for just

2154
01:20:22,310 --> 01:20:19,280
plain longevity would it be our

2155
01:20:24,149 --> 01:20:22,320
everything we basically covered already

2156
01:20:28,950 --> 01:20:24,159
yeah i think

2157
01:20:31,830 --> 01:20:28,960
nutrition

2158
01:20:32,709 --> 01:20:31,840
i think fasting

2159
01:20:34,709 --> 01:20:32,719
right there

2160
01:20:37,189 --> 01:20:34,719
uh sleep that's something we haven't

2161
01:20:39,030 --> 01:20:37,199
talked about yeah and i know that if

2162
01:20:40,950 --> 01:20:39,040
someone is getting very poor sleep in

2163
01:20:42,070 --> 01:20:40,960
their life that can really shorten your

2164
01:20:44,790 --> 01:20:42,080
life

2165
01:20:47,270 --> 01:20:44,800
so that's really important um

2166
01:20:48,709 --> 01:20:47,280
without using you know being dependent

2167
01:20:50,070 --> 01:20:48,719
on something that's really hard

2168
01:20:53,510 --> 01:20:50,080
sometimes

2169
01:20:55,510 --> 01:20:53,520
yes by choosing it as you get older um

2170
01:20:57,669 --> 01:20:55,520
i think you know there's the biological

2171
01:21:00,149 --> 01:20:57,679
drive to sleep as soon as you wake up

2172
01:21:01,669 --> 01:21:00,159
the body is increasing that physical

2173
01:21:03,910 --> 01:21:01,679
urge to sleep

2174
01:21:06,390 --> 01:21:03,920
and it you know with life being hectic

2175
01:21:07,990 --> 01:21:06,400
and artificial lights and screens and

2176
01:21:09,910 --> 01:21:08,000
things like that and stress it gets

2177
01:21:12,149 --> 01:21:09,920
harder to sleep and maybe you have to go

2178
01:21:14,550 --> 01:21:12,159
to the bathroom etc

2179
01:21:17,110 --> 01:21:14,560
so i think the big three are sleep

2180
01:21:17,910 --> 01:21:17,120
nutrition and some form of exercise just

2181
01:21:20,550 --> 01:21:17,920
you know

2182
01:21:22,870 --> 01:21:20,560
time-tested things that we know are very

2183
01:21:24,790 --> 01:21:22,880
important and there's just more and more

2184
01:21:25,669 --> 01:21:24,800
research that if you don't have good

2185
01:21:27,590 --> 01:21:25,679
sleep

2186
01:21:30,149 --> 01:21:27,600
the other things that you do aren't

2187
01:21:31,990 --> 01:21:30,159
going to have that much impact and then

2188
01:21:34,310 --> 01:21:32,000
i think on top of that

2189
01:21:35,830 --> 01:21:34,320
is some kind of fasting

2190
01:21:37,750 --> 01:21:35,840
uh whether it's you know intermittent

2191
01:21:40,709 --> 01:21:37,760
where you don't have breakfast like i do

2192
01:21:43,510 --> 01:21:40,719
or you you do the 23 hours or i've done

2193
01:21:45,750 --> 01:21:43,520
like a 10-day fast as well that has a

2194
01:21:47,669 --> 01:21:45,760
lot of good evidence in mammals

2195
01:21:50,149 --> 01:21:47,679
and you and greg banded around some of

2196
01:21:52,149 --> 01:21:50,159
the other specific things you can do

2197
01:21:53,110 --> 01:21:52,159
um but it's really taking care of

2198
01:21:54,950 --> 01:21:53,120
yourself

2199
01:21:56,790 --> 01:21:54,960
as more of these things like the trim

2200
01:21:57,910 --> 01:21:56,800
trial which was not available five years

2201
01:21:59,990 --> 01:21:57,920
ago

2202
01:22:02,790 --> 01:22:00,000
become available for people with you

2203
01:22:05,030 --> 01:22:02,800
know average economic means there's so

2204
01:22:06,870 --> 01:22:05,040
many things happening now that you can

2205
01:22:08,390 --> 01:22:06,880
start doing besides that kind of like

2206
01:22:11,990 --> 01:22:08,400
holy trinity

2207
01:22:15,430 --> 01:22:12,000
of sleep and exercise and nutrition that

2208
01:22:17,830 --> 01:22:15,440
it's it's just increasing exponentially

2209
01:22:20,470 --> 01:22:17,840
for everybody right now

2210
01:22:22,070 --> 01:22:20,480
what was that movie i i can't remember

2211
01:22:23,669 --> 01:22:22,080
it was button something where the guy

2212
01:22:26,470 --> 01:22:23,679
reversed age

2213
01:22:27,590 --> 01:22:26,480
benjamin button benjamin button

2214
01:22:29,270 --> 01:22:27,600
that's what i'm going to start calling

2215
01:22:31,669 --> 01:22:29,280
you paul but

2216
01:22:33,270 --> 01:22:31,679
anyway thank you so much it's been a

2217
01:22:35,430 --> 01:22:33,280
real pleasure always fun talking to you

2218
01:22:37,189 --> 01:22:35,440
paul likewise martin my pleasure all

2219
01:22:39,910 --> 01:22:37,199
right and i hope the trial continues to

2220
01:22:41,669 --> 01:22:39,920
go on and you get younger and i won't

2221
01:22:45,350 --> 01:22:41,679
even recognize you anymore but can you

2222
01:22:47,590 --> 01:22:45,360
see the bulge of my thickness right here

2223
01:22:48,470 --> 01:22:47,600
tailor my shirt an iron something iron

2224
01:22:51,189 --> 01:22:48,480
yeah

2225
01:22:53,110 --> 01:22:51,199
all right man take care all right bye

2226
01:22:54,950 --> 01:22:53,120
bye now all right everyone so we'll see

2227
01:22:56,550 --> 01:22:54,960
you next time again if you want to check

2228
01:22:59,189 --> 01:22:56,560
out when we have our shows the best way

2229
01:23:01,830 --> 01:22:59,199
to do that is simply click subscribe

2230
01:23:03,830 --> 01:23:01,840
down below it's free and uh to our

2231
01:23:06,709 --> 01:23:03,840
youtube channel and click on the

2232
01:23:08,070 --> 01:23:06,719
notifications thank you so much for

2233
01:23:10,709 --> 01:23:08,080
joining us tonight i thought it was

2234
01:23:25,350 --> 01:23:10,719
fascinating i hope you thought so as